HNS Convention 2010

The HNS Convention creates a liability and compensation regime for damage from the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea, modeled on the oil pollution CLC and Fund structure but covering chemicals, liquefied gases, and other dangerous cargoes. It pairs strict shipowner liability backed by compulsory insurance with a second-tier HNS Fund financed by receivers of HNS cargo. The 2010 Protocol resolved problems with the unentered 1996 Convention, notably over packaged goods and LNG contributions. It is not yet in force, awaiting sufficient ratifications.