Non-vessel operating common carrier

A non-vessel-operating common carrier (NVOCC) issues its own bills of lading and acts as carrier to the shipper, while buying slots from the actual vessel operator under a master bill of lading. The NVOCC consolidates LCL cargo, sets its own tariffs, and assumes carrier liability to its customers without owning ships. In US trade it must register with the Federal Maritime Commission and publish or negotiate rates; the distinction from a pure forwarder is that the NVOCC contracts as principal.