Formaldehyde / Hydrocarbons - Dual-Fuel

Secondary pollutants from LNG Otto-cycle and other dual-fuel engines. Formaldehyde forms in cold-spots of lean-burn combustion; total unburned-hydrocarbon mass drops with better combustion tuning.

PollutantsDual-fuel

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This calculator requires JavaScript to compute its result. The formula, symbols, and regulatory sources are shown in the Formula section below.

Formula, assumptions, and limits

m_\text{HCHO} = \frac{P \cdot h \cdot F_\text{HCHO}}{10^6}

Symbol	Meaning	Unit
$m_\text{HCHO}$	Annual formaldehyde mass	t
$P$	Engine power	kW
$h$	Annual hours	h
$F_\text{HCHO}$	Formaldehyde factor	g/kWh

Source: CARB at-berth controls; Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020

In short

Estimate formaldehyde and unburned hydrocarbons from LNG Otto-cycle and other dual-fuel marine engines.

Learn the theory Engine Performance Monitoring: PMI Systems