Three-Regime Cost Bridge (IMO + EU ETS + FuelEU)
Combined annual compliance cost across IMO (CII corrective-plan exposure), EU ETS (EUA surrender), and FuelEU Maritime (EUR 2,400/t VLSFO-eq deficit). The single number that matters to treasurers budgeting regulatory risk.
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Formula, assumptions, and limits
| Symbol | Meaning | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| ETS-covered CO₂ for the year | t | |
| 40/70/100 % phase-in factor | fraction | |
| EUA spot price | EUR / t | |
| FuelEU deficit in VLSFO-equivalent tonnes | t | |
| FuelEU unit penalty | EUR / t VE | |
| CII corrective-plan or rating-linked cost | USD |
Source: EU Directive 2023/959 - ETS extension to maritime; EU Regulation 2023/1805 - FuelEU Maritime; IMO Resolution MEPC.339(76) - CII rating boundaries
In short
Combined IMO + EU ETS + FuelEU Maritime annual compliance cost in one view.