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Topping-off Loading Rate

Reduced rate for the final 10 % / slack-ullage stage to allow tank-level alarms to respond and avoid overfill.

TankerLoading
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Formula, assumptions, and limits

Qtop=Qbulk(1r)Q_\text{top} = Q_\text{bulk} \cdot (1 - r)
SymbolMeaningUnit
QbulkQ_\text{bulk}Main-stage loading ratem³/h
rrTopping-off reductionfraction
QtopQ_\text{top}Reduced loading ratem³/h

Source: OCIMF ISGOTT 6 - Loading operations

In short

Reduced rate for the final 10 % / slack-ullage stage to allow tank-level alarms to respond and avoid overfill.

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