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Broaching Risk in Following Seas

Broaching-to risk rises when wave celerity c exceeds 1.8·V_ship AND wave length is 1–3 × LBP.

Weather
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Formula, assumptions, and limits

c=gλ2πc = \sqrt{\tfrac{g \lambda}{2\pi}}
SymbolMeaningUnit
ccDeep-water wave celeritym/s
λλWave lengthm
VVShip speedm/s

Source: IMO MSC.1/Circ.1228

In short

Broaching-to risk rises when wave celerity c exceeds 1.

Learn the theory Seakeeping: Ship Performance in Waves