Cable Voltage Drop (3-phase)

Steady-state voltage drop across a 3-phase cable run: ΔU = √3·I·L·(R·cos φ + X·sin φ).

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Formula, assumptions, and limits

\Delta U = \sqrt{3} \cdot I \cdot L \cdot (R \cos\varphi + X \sin\varphi)

Symbol	Meaning	Unit
$I$	Line current	A
$L$	Cable one-way length	km (m/1000)
$R, X$	Resistance and reactance per km	Ω/km
$cos φ$	Power factor
$ΔU$	Voltage drop line-line	V

Source: IEC 60092-352 - Shipboard cable installation

Steady-state voltage drop across a 3-phase cable run: \u0394U = \u221a3\u00b7I\u00b7L\u00b7(R\u00b7cos \u03c6 + X\u00b7sin \u03c6).