CTM 1976/1996

CTM is the French abbreviation (Convention sur la limitation de la responsabilite en matiere de creances maritimes) for the LLMC, the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims. The LLMC 1976 was adopted in London on 19 November 1976 and entered into force on 1 December 1986; the 1996 Protocol raised the limitation amounts and introduced a tacit-acceptance mechanism for future increases, entering into force on 13 May 2004. Shipowners, charterers, managers, operators, and salvors may limit liability for property and personal-injury claims by reference to the ship’s gross tonnage, subject to the conduct-barring-limitation test in Article 4. The 2012 amendments raised the limits again from 8 June 2015.