EEZ

The exclusive economic zone is a maritime area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, extending up to 200 nautical miles from the baseline, in which the coastal state has sovereign rights over natural resources (living and non-living) and jurisdiction over artificial islands, marine scientific research, and environmental protection. It is not territory: other states keep the high-seas freedoms of navigation, overflight, and cable-laying under UNCLOS Part V. Conflicts over fishing, bunkering, and military activities in the EEZ are a recurring source of law-of-the-sea disputes.