Nicaragua v Colombia 2012

Nicaragua v. Colombia is the ICJ judgment of 19 November 2012 (Territorial and Maritime Dispute) on sovereignty over Caribbean features and maritime delimitation. The Court confirmed Colombian sovereignty over the disputed islands of the San Andres archipelago and delimited a single maritime boundary for the continental shelf and EEZ. It applied the three-stage method: a provisional equidistance line, adjusted for the marked disparity in relevant coastal lengths and the cut-off effect, with a disproportionality check. The Court gave the small Colombian islands enclaves rather than full effect. Nicaragua later brought further claims on the extended continental shelf, decided by the Court in 2023.