Seakeeping

Seakeeping is the study of a ship’s motions and loads in a seaway and its ability to operate effectively in waves. It covers the six rigid-body motions, the response amplitude operators that relate motion to wave height across frequencies, and derived effects such as added resistance, slamming, deck wetness, and propeller emergence. Analysis combines strip theory or panel methods with wave spectra such as Pierson-Moskowitz and JONSWAP, validated by model tests. Criteria limit motions for crew comfort, equipment operation, and cargo securing, and they shape hull form, bow flare, and bilge keels.