Self-Defense (Naval ROE)

Self-defense in naval rules of engagement is the inherent right of a unit and its personnel to use necessary and proportional force against a hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent, a right that exists independently of any mission-specific ROE and cannot be limited away by them. US doctrine in the Standing Rules of Engagement (CJCSI 3121.01B) distinguishes unit self-defense, individual self-defense, and national self-defense, and turns on the commander’s determination of a hostile act or hostile intent. The two governing tests are necessity (a threat that is imminent or occurring) and proportionality (force limited to what the threat requires).