Tanker terminal

A tanker terminal loads or discharges crude oil or product tankers through loading arms or hoses at a manifold piped to onshore storage. The berth is a piled jetty with breasting and mooring dolphins, or an offshore single buoy mooring or single point mooring (SBM/SPM) where a jetty would need too much dredging. Berth depth matches the design tanker, so a VLCC of about 22 m draft needs roughly 24 m of water. Mooring follows OCIMF MEG4, with quick-release hooks, emergency release couplings on the arms, and continuous mooring-line tension monitoring. Spill containment, fire systems, and vapor control govern the safety case.