Y2K38 Risk (OT)

The Year 2038 problem is the epoch rollover that occurs at 03:14:07 UTC on 19 January 2038, when the signed 32-bit Unix time counter (seconds since 1 January 1970) overflows and wraps to a negative value. Legacy shipboard operational-technology with 32-bit time, embedded controllers, navigation, and monitoring units, can then miscompute timestamps, log sequences, and certificate validity. The fix is 64-bit time, but type-frozen OT firmware on long-lived assets makes vessels a population at risk, parallel to the Year 2000 problem.