ETOPO

ETOPO is NOAA’s global relief model that merges land topography and ocean bathymetry into one seamless elevation grid. ETOPO 2022 is built at 15 arc-second resolution, about 450 m at the equator, combining airborne lidar, satellite-derived topography, ICESat-2 bare-earth data, and shipborne and altimeter bathymetry. It is issued in Ice Surface and Bedrock versions for the polar ice sheets, in GeoTIFF and NetCDF tiles. ETOPO supports tsunami forecasting, ocean-circulation modeling, and Earth visualization. It is coarser than survey-grade bathymetry and is a reference relief model, not a navigational chart.