Fjord Mooring Network

A fjord mooring network is a set of moored instrument lines deployed across a fjord to monitor its exchange circulation with the open shelf. Fjords stratify strongly: a fresh glacial or riverine surface layer overlies denser shelf water, and sill geometry controls deep-water renewal. Moorings carry chained CTDs, acoustic Doppler current profilers, and oxygen sensors to resolve the two-layer estuarine flow, internal tides, and intermittent deep flushing events. In Greenland and Svalbard fjords these arrays quantify warm Atlantic water reaching tidewater glacier fronts, the heat source for submarine melt. The fixed geometry resolves narrow, steep-walled basins that drifting or shipboard platforms sample only briefly.