Liability Convention 1969/1992 CLC

The CLC is the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage. The 1969 original, adopted 29 November 1969 and in force 19 June 1975, channels strict liability for persistent oil pollution from laden tankers to the registered owner and requires compulsory insurance backed by a certificate. The 1992 Protocol, in force 30 May 1996, raised limits, widened the geographic scope to the EEZ, and covers spill-prevention costs. The CLC pairs with the IOPC Fund Convention, which provides a second tier of compensation when owner liability is exceeded.