NETs (Negative Emissions Technologies)

Negative emissions technologies (NETs) remove CO2 already in the atmosphere and store it durably, producing net carbon removal rather than reduced emission. The set covers afforestation and reforestation, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), direct air capture with storage, enhanced rock weathering, ocean alkalinity enhancement, and biochar. They differ in permanence and verifiability: geological storage can hold CO2 for centuries, while forest carbon reverses on fire or harvest. Shipping uses NETs indirectly through carbon-removal credits in offsetting schemes; onboard capture reduces emissions but is not itself a NET unless paired with durable storage.