Remote Operations Center (ROC)

The shore-based facility from which a remotely controlled or supervised MASS is monitored and operated, the control node for IMO MASS Degree 2 (crew aboard) and Degree 3 (no crew aboard). A ROC houses remote operators, the sensor and video feeds, and the control interfaces linked to the ship by satellite and terrestrial connectivity. Its design centers on link reliability, latency, situational awareness, and handover or fallback when connectivity degrades. The MASS Code, non-mandatory from 2026, is expected to address ROC and remote-operator requirements.