River training works

River training works are structures that fix or guide a river’s planform and cross-section to hold a navigable depth, protect banks, or steer flow and sediment. They include groynes or spur dikes that push the flow toward the channel and build out the bank, training walls and guide bunds that confine the low-flow channel, and revetments that armor banks against scour. The aim in navigation work is to concentrate flow so the river scours and maintains its own depth, cutting the dredging needed in alluvial reaches. Design sets structure spacing, height, and crest level against the design discharge and the regime width of the channel, with rock, gabion, or sheet-pile construction.