Tool port

A tool port is one of the four port governance models in the World Bank Port Reform Toolkit, alongside the service port, the landlord port, and the private port. In a tool port the public port authority owns and maintains the fixed infrastructure and the cargo-handling equipment, the cranes and the sheds, while private operators provide labor and run the day-to-day cargo handling using that authority-owned gear. Split responsibility between asset owner and operator often causes conflict over equipment use and investment, which is why most large ports have moved toward the landlord model, where private operators own their own superstructure.