OECM (Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measure)

An OECM, an other effective area-based conservation measure, is a geographically defined area outside the formal protected-area system that delivers sustained in-situ biodiversity conservation. The CBD adopted its definition and criteria at COP14 in November 2018 (Decision 14/8). Unlike a protected area, an OECM need not have conservation as its primary objective: it qualifies on outcomes, whether conservation is a secondary aim or an ancillary result, as in some fisheries closures, military zones, or community-governed waters. OECMs count alongside protected areas toward the 30x30 target (Kunming-Montreal Target 3), broadening recognized conservation beyond designated reserves.