CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity)

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is the UN treaty for conserving biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources. Opened for signature at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit and in force since 29 December 1993, it has 196 parties. Its strategic plans set global biodiversity goals: the 2010 Aichi Biodiversity Targets, succeeded by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at COP15 in December 2022, whose Target 3 is the 30x30 protected-area goal. The CBD frames marine protected area expansion, OECM recognition, and reporting through the Global Biodiversity Outlook.