GBO (Global Biodiversity Outlook)

The Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO) is the CBD secretariat’s periodic flagship assessment of progress toward global biodiversity goals. Each edition synthesizes national reports and scientific indicators to report status and trends. GBO-3 (2010) confirmed the world missed the 2010 biodiversity target, prompting the Aichi Targets. GBO-5 (2020) found none of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets fully met, with only six partially achieved, which shaped the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at COP15 in December 2022. GBO informs the framework’s monitoring cycle and the case for protected-area and OECM expansion under the 30x30 target.