LNG Fuel

LNG burned as ship fuel cuts SOx to near zero, NOx by 20 to 30 percent in Otto-cycle engines, and tank-to-wake CO2 by about 20 to 25 percent against heavy fuel oil, which made it the first widely adopted alternative marine fuel. The climate case is contested because methane slip from low-pressure dual-fuel engines, counted at AR5 GWP100 of 28, erodes much of the well-to-wake benefit. Bunkering and onboard handling follow the IGF Code. Bio-LNG and e-LNG offer a drop-in path to lower well-to-wake intensity using the same fuel system.