US Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

The US Department of Homeland Security agency responsible for inbound trade, customs, and border enforcement at ports of entry, formed in 2003 from legacy Customs, immigration inspection, and agriculture-quarantine functions. In the maritime supply chain CBP runs the Container Security Initiative, the Automated Targeting System, the 24-Hour and Importer Security Filing rules, and the C-TPAT trusted-trader program, screening manifest data before cargo loads abroad. It enforces entry, not flag-state or SAR duties, which fall to the Coast Guard.