Ammonia (fuel)

Ammonia (NH3) is a carbon-free fuel that emits no CO2 when burned, making it a leading candidate for deep-sea decarbonization, especially as green ammonia from renewable hydrogen. Its drawbacks are high toxicity, poor ignition needing a pilot fuel, and N2O formation (AR5 GWP100 of 265) plus unburned ammonia slip, which after-treatment and engine design must control. The first ammonia dual-fuel two-stroke engines entered service from 2025; carriage and use follow the IGC and developing IGF-Code provisions.