Extended Operational and Trade Vocabulary

Container Terminal Cranes, Yard Equipment, and Lashing glossary

Vocabulary of container terminal equipment and cargo securing: automated mooring systems, OCR gate automation, above-deck stow and Cargo Securing Manual lashing, active heave-compensated cranes, and the ship-to-shore gantries, automated guided vehicles and battery-swap and yard-handling equipment terminology of modern box terminals.

301 defined terms.

Showing 250 on this page (page 1 of 2).

A

AAS Smartmooring: Automated mooring system using vacuum suction pads or mechanical arms to secure vessels at berth without conventional mooring lines.
ABB GateVision: Optical character recognition gate automation system from ABB for reading container ISO codes, IMO placards, and chassis numbers at terminal entry and exit lanes.
Above-Deck Stow: Container stowage position on deck rather than in the cargo hold, requiring lashing per the Cargo Securing Manual and exposure to weather loads.
Active Heave Compensation: Crane/winch system that counters vessel heave in real time using hydraulics.
AGV: Automated Guided Vehicle, driverless container transporter on the apron, used at Rotterdam ECT, APM Maasvlakte II, and Long Beach LBCT.
AGV Battery Swap Station: A fixed yard facility where depleted lithium-ion battery packs on electric AGVs are exchanged for charged packs in a few minutes to maintain continuous duty cycles.
AGV Pool: The fleet of AGVs assigned to a single quay crane or block, sized to maintain the target moves-per-hour without queueing at the apron.
Air draft: Vertical distance from waterline to highest fixed point of the ship.
All-Electric Terminal: Container terminal where all major handling equipment runs on electric power rather than diesel, typified by Yangshan Phase IV in Shanghai.
Allision: contact between a moving vessel and a fixed object such as a wharf or bridge.
Anti-Snag: STS crane spreader-trolley control function that detects unexpected resistance during hoist and stops motion to prevent snagging a container or cell guide.
Anti-Sway: Crane control system that actively damps spreader pendulum motion during trolley travel, fitted on Konecranes, ZPMC, Liebherr, and Kalmar STS and RTG cranes.
APM Terminals Maasvlakte II: Fully automated container terminal in Rotterdam equipped with Kalmar automated stacking cranes and battery-electric AGVs.
Apron: Quayside area between ship and stacking yard.
ASC: Automated stacking crane.
ASC Cantilever: ASC variant with overhanging end beams that allow truck handling outside the rail span, used at Long Beach Middle Harbor and HHLA Altenwerder.
Automated Twistlock Platform: Quayside station where dockers fit or remove twistlocks while the spreader hovers, separating personnel from the lift path.
Axle Load: Load transmitted by a chassis axle to the road surface, regulated nationally for road transport of laden containers.

B

Back reach: distance the STS crane trolley travels landward of the waterside rail.
Backup Generator: Diesel genset fitted to electric STS or eRTG cranes to enable travel and limited operation during shore power outage.
Ballast: Weight low in the vessel used to enhance stability.
Bay: Transverse slice of a container vessel, numbered from bow to stern in stowage plans.
Bedeschi: Italian manufacturer of stackers, reclaimers, and shiploaders for bulk terminals handling coal, iron ore, and cement.
Belt Conveyor: Continuous bulk-handling system used on shiploaders, shipunloaders, and yard transfer routes at dry-bulk terminals.
Berth window: scheduled time slot allocated to a liner service at a berth.
Block: Pulley used with rope to make a tackle.
Bomb Cart: Low-deck terminal trailer used to shuttle containers between STS cranes and yard cranes, also called a cassette or shuttle trailer.
Boom: Spar extending the foot of a sail.
Boom Hoist: Mechanism on an STS crane that raises the seaward boom to vertical when not working to allow vessel passage.
Boom Latch: Mechanical lock that holds the STS boom in the raised position, engaged during storms or when vessels pass below.
Bottom Stacker: Lashing fitting placed in the bottom corner casting of the lowest container of a deck stack, sometimes called a stacking cone.
Brake Caliper: Disc-brake actuator on STS gantry travel wheels, hoist drums, and trolley drives, sized for storm and operational holding loads.
Bridge Crane: Overhead traveling crane spanning a fabrication bay, used to assemble project modules.
Bruks-Siwertell: Swedish maker of enclosed screw-type continuous ship unloaders for cement, grain, alumina, and other dry bulks, headquartered in Bjuv.
Buco: Buco-Pegasus, German maker of twistlocks, lashing rods, turnbuckles, and stacking cones for container lashing systems, headquartered in Hamburg.
Bulk Loader Spout: Telescoping discharge spout at the end of a bulk ship loader boom that lowers cargo into the hatch with minimal dust generation.
Bumper Tractor: Yard tractor variant fitted with a fifth wheel and tow bumper to handle ocean chassis on uneven surfaces.

C

Cable Reel: Motorized drum on an eRTG, STS, or shipboard crane that pays out and retracts the trailing power cable along the runway.
Camco Technologies: Belgian supplier of OCR gate, crane-mounted OCR, and CHE position-detection systems for container terminals, headquartered in Heverlee.
Cantilever Boom: STS boom design where the outreach is supported only at the landward end, allowing low-profile travel over the vessel.
Cargotec: The Finnish parent corporation of Kalmar, Hiab, and formerly MacGregor, supplying cargo handling equipment to ports and shipyards.
Cassette: heavy-duty roll trailer used for project cargo and steel.
Cell Guide: Vertical structure in container hold positively locating containers without lashings.
Chassis: Wheeled trailer that carries an ISO container by road.
Chassis pool: shared chassis fleet operated under cooperative arrangements such as TRAC Intermodal or DCLI.
CHE: Container Handling Equipment, the collective term for STS cranes, yard cranes, reach stackers, top picks, terminal tractors, AGVs, and straddle carriers.
ClassNK CLCS: Container Loading Computer System from Nippon Kaiji Kyokai for stability and lashing-force calculations on container vessels.
CMA CGM Megamax-24: Class of 24,000 TEU container vessels requiring Megamax-24 STS cranes with outreach beyond 24 container rows.
Concrete Counterweight: Cast block used to balance ring cranes such as the SGC-250 during lifts.
Conoroll: MacGregor RoRo coupling fitted between tugmaster and cassette to enable rapid pickup and drop, used at large RoRo terminals.
Container freight station: CFS, facility for stuffing and stripping LCL cargo.
Container Tilt-Lock: Spreader anti-tilt mechanism that maintains horizontal attitude during lifts even when loads are not symmetric.
Continuous Ship Unloader: Bulk handling crane that discharges cargo continuously rather than in grab cycles, including screw, bucket-elevator, and pneumatic types.
Corner casting: ISO 1161 corner fitting at each of a container's eight corners for handling and securing.
Counterweight Trolley: STS trolley design where the trolley carries part of the rope reeving counterweight, used on some Liebherr and Kalmar dual-hoist cranes.
CSM: Cargo Securing Manual.
CSS Code: IMO Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing.
CyberLogitec OPUS Terminal: Korean-developed terminal operating system used at HMM-affiliated terminals and in deployments worldwide.

D

DCG90-9: Kalmar empty container handler with 9 ton capacity at the top of the spreader, used for stacking empty containers up to eight high.
Dead man switch: Push reset button at machinery space control points satisfying the dead man timer.
Deck crane: ship-mounted crane used for self-discharge.
DGNSS: General term covering DGPS and similar augmentation.
Diesel-electric drive: Propulsion architecture in which the prime mover drives a generator and the propeller is electrically driven, common with podded propulsors.
Distributed Control System: Crane control architecture with multiple networked controllers handling hoist, trolley, gantry, and auxiliary functions over a fieldbus.
Dock Receipt: A document issued by a terminal acknowledging receipt of cargo, often a precursor to issuance of a bill of lading.
Dovetail Foundation: Welded socket on the ship hatch cover or deck that receives a twistlock or lashing-rod base, also called a deck socket.
Drayage Tractor: Road-going truck tractor that hauls ocean chassis between marine terminals and inland facilities.
DRG-450: Kalmar reach stacker with 45 ton lifting capacity in the first container row, used for laden container handling in yard depots.
Dual-Hoist STS: Ship-to-shore crane with two independent hoists, an outer waterside hoist and an inner platform hoist, doubling cycle throughput.
Dual-Trolley STS: STS crane with two trolleys passing containers via an intermediate platform, used by ZPMC and Mitsui designs at high-throughput terminals.

E

ECDIS: Electronic Chart Display and Information System per IMO MSC.232(82).
EDI: Electronic Data Interchange, structured business-to-business message exchange.
Empty Container Handler: A counterweighted lift truck with a top spreader designed to stack empty containers up to eight high.
Empty depot: yard for empty containers awaiting redistribution.
EOT Crane: Electric Overhead Travelling crane used in workshops and warehouses, the design ancestor of the modern container yard gantry.
eRTG: Electric Rubber Tyred Gantry crane drawing power from a busbar or cable reel rather than an onboard diesel generator, reducing CO2 and fuel costs.
eTrolley: STS trolley powered by a flexible cable reel rather than an on-trolley diesel, the standard configuration on electric STS cranes.
Eurogate Tecon: Container terminal joint venture in Northern Europe and Mediterranean ports, an early adopter of automated stacking cranes.

F

FATL: Fully Automatic Twistlock, engaging and disengaging by container weight without crew handling at the lock body.
FEM: Federation Europeenne de la Manutention, the European materials handling federation that publishes crane and lifting equipment standards including FEM 1.001.
Fenders: Pneumatic or foam fenders rigged between a receiving ship and a bunker barge during STS bunkering to prevent hull damage.
FFG Werft Fertigbau: German shipyard and steel fabricator that historically supplied STS crane components, located at Kiel.
Fifth Wheel: Coupling on a yard tractor that engages the kingpin of a chassis or cassette to allow towing.
FlexoWell: Belt conveyor design with corrugated sidewalls and crosscleats that enables steep-angle bulk material transport.
Flipper: Hinged guide on a container spreader that funnels the corner castings into engagement as the spreader is lowered onto a container.
Foran: Shipbuilding CAD/CAM/CAE system from SENER (Spain) covering hull, outfitting, electrical, and accommodation.
Forklift: Counterbalanced lift truck used for handling empty containers, palletized cargo, and stuffed pallets inside container freight stations.
Four-Rope Grab: Bulk handling grab opened and closed by four separate winch ropes, allowing finer control than a two-rope grab.
Friction Brake: Disc or shoe brake that holds load by friction, fitted as the primary holding brake on crane hoist and trolley drives.

G

Gantry: Bridge or frame supported by two leg sets that travel on parallel rails, the basic structural form of STS, RTG, RMG, and ASC cranes.
Gantry Tie-Down: Pin or hook that secures an STS crane to embedded sockets in the quay during storms and tsunami advisories.
Gantry Travel: The longitudinal motion of a portal crane along its rails or wheel paths.
Gate OCR: Optical character recognition portal at terminal entry that captures truck plate, container ISO marks, and seal numbers.
Gaussin: French manufacturer of full-electric ATM port AGVs supplied to Le Havre, Casablanca and Doha terminals.
Generator Set: Integrated diesel engine and alternator package supplying electrical power, also known as a genset.
German Lashing: German Lashing Robert Boeck GmbH, maker of twistlocks, lashing bars, turnbuckles, and deck sockets, headquartered in Bremen.
GLB: MacGregor general cargo crane series with low-profile design, supplied for bulker, multipurpose, and reefer vessels.
Grab: Mechanical clamshell for loading/unloading bulk; sizes 8-50 m3.
Gravity Hopper: Quayside funnel structure that receives bulk cargo from a grab discharge and meters it onto a conveyor or truck.
GROVE GMK: Manitowoc Grove all-terrain mobile crane series used in some breakbulk and project cargo terminal operations.

H

H1050E: Hyster empty container handler with capacity for stacking empties up to nine high, part of the Big Truck range.
H1100XD-CH: Hyster reach stacker for laden container handling with 45 ton capacity in the first row.
Hammerhead crane: historic cantilever shipyard crane, e.g., Stobcross Crane Glasgow.
Hatch cover: Watertight cover over a cargo hatch.
HHLA Altenwerder: Hamburg container terminal that pioneered AGV operation alongside ASCs, opened in 2002.
HMC: His Majesty's Cutter, prefix for UK Border Force vessels.
Hoist Rope: Steel wire rope, typically 32 to 50 mm diameter, that supports the spreader and load through the STS reeving system.
Hook Block: Bottom sheave block that carries the spreader headblock or a single hook on shipboard cranes.
Hopper: funnel-shaped container receiving bulk from grabs and feeding conveyors or trucks.
Hub Reduction: Final gear stage in the wheel hub of yard tractors and reach stackers that multiplies axle torque.
Hyster: US manufacturer of forklifts and container handlers.

I

IBC Code: International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk.
IHI Transport Machinery: Japanese maker of STS cranes, RTGs, RMGs, and ship loaders, a subsidiary of IHI Corporation headquartered in Tokyo.
IMO CSS Code: International Maritime Organization Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing, the umbrella reference for lashing arrangements.
Inland container depot: ICD or dry port.
Intermodal container: Standard ISO container.
ISO 1161: Corner fittings standard for series 1 containers.
ISO 3874: Standard for handling and securing of Series 1 freight containers.
ISO 668: ISO standard for container classifications and dimensions.

J

Jib: Triangular headsail of a fore-and-aft rig.
Joynt: Brand name used historically by Joynt Lashing for marine cargo securing equipment, supplied to RoRo and breakbulk vessels.
Joystick control: Combined manoeuvering control of thrusters and main propulsion on DP and harbor tugs.

K

Kalmar: Cargotec brand for terminal tractors, reach stackers, straddle carriers.
Kalmar AGV: Cargotec automated guided vehicle for unmanned horizontal transport between berth and yard.
Kalmar ASC: Cargotec automated stacking crane used in fully automated yard blocks.
Kalmar DCG90-9: Empty container handler with 9 ton capacity at top of spreader.
Kalmar DRG-450: Reach stacker with 45 ton first-row capacity for laden containers.
Kalmar Hybrid RTG: Rubber tyred gantry with diesel-electric generator augmented by a battery or supercapacitor pack to reduce fuel consumption.
Kalmar Key: Cargotec terminal automation software suite including process automation and equipment control modules.
Kalmar Ottawa T2: Yard tractor produced at Kalmar's Ottawa, Kansas plant for intermodal and port terminal duties.
KCI Konecranes: Pre-merger name of the Finnish crane group that combined with Konecranes Holding to form modern Konecranes Plc.
Killarney: Site of Liebherr Container Cranes Ltd in County Kerry, Ireland, fabricating STS and RMG cranes since 1958.
Knuckle Boom Crane: Articulating crane common on PSVs and CSVs.
Konecranes: Finnish manufacturer of STS, RTG, RMG, and reach stackers.
Konecranes Gottwald: Mobile harbor crane brand acquired from Demag/Terex by Konecranes in 2017.
Konecranes Noell: The Konecranes business unit derived from the former Noell Mobile Systems of Germany, providing straddle carriers and automated stacking cranes.

L

Lashing Bar: See Container Lashing Bar.
Lashing bridge: Elevated platform above the hatch covers from which containers are lashed.
Lashing Computer: Onboard software validating container lashing arrangements per class rules.
Lashing Foundation: Welded base on the hatch cover or deck that receives the eye of a lashing rod or the base of a twistlock.
Lashing Plan: Drawing showing lashing arrangement, included in CSM.
Lashing rod: Steel bar tensioned by a turnbuckle to lash containers.
Liebherr CBG: Liebherr Maritime Cranes deck crane series with low pedestal and slewing platform.
Liebherr CBW: Liebherr cargo crane series for general cargo and project vessels.
Liebherr LHM: Liebherr Mobile Harbour Crane series, wheeled multipurpose cranes ranging from LHM 180 to LHM 800.
Liebherr Maritime Cranes: Liebherr business unit producing STS cranes, RTGs, RMGs, mobile harbour cranes, and shipboard cranes from facilities in Killarney, Ireland and Rostock, Germany.
Lift Truck: Generic term for counterbalanced forklift used for empty container handling, palletized cargo, and equipment service.
Lift-AGV: A variant of the AGV able to deposit and pick up containers directly on or from racks at the block interface, eliminating one stacking crane move per box.
LMS: MacGregor Lashing System lashing-force calculation software supplied with MacGregor cargo securing scopes.
Load Cell: Sensor measuring force in a sling or jack during a critical lift.
LoadMaster: brand of crane load monitoring system.

M

MacGregor: Common type of folding steel hatch cover.
MacGregor LMS: Lashing System software used to verify container stowage against ship-specific lashing limits.
MacGregor Twistlocks: MacGregor family of manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic twistlocks supplied as part of complete lashing scopes.
MACS3: Lashing and stowage planning software originally from INTERSCHALT, now part of Navis.
Mafi: Mafi Transport Systems, German maker of roll trailers from 20 to 140 tonne capacity for RoRo and project terminals, headquartered in Tubingen.
Mafi trailer: roll trailer with king-pin coupling, originally MAFI brand, used in ro-ro operations.
Mantsinen: Finnish maker of hydraulic harbor cranes.
Manual twistlock: Twistlock locked and unlocked entirely by manual handle operation.
Marker Mounted Crane: Permanent quay-mounted crane fixed in position, distinct from rail-travelling or wheeled designs.
Megamax-24: STS crane size class capable of serving 24 container rows across deck of latest 24,000 TEU ULCS vessels.
MES: Mobile Earth Station; in Inmarsat terminology, a shipborne satellite terminal.
MESCO: Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co., Japanese maker of STS cranes, RTGs, and unloaders, predecessor in port cranes to Mitsui E&S Machinery.
Mitsui RTG: Rubber tyred gantry built by Mitsui E&S Machinery for container yard service.
Mooring Hook: Quick release hook on a quayside bollard that releases a vessel mooring line under load via a lever or remote signal.
MoorMaster: Cavotec automated vacuum mooring system using suction pads to secure vessels without lines.
MTL: Manual Twistlock requiring two-handed locking and unlocking, used in slow rotations and special stows.
Multiwheelers: Hydraulic platform trailers with multiple axle lines, used in heavy-lift and project terminals to move very heavy units.

N

NAPA: Naval Architecture Package, Finnish naval architecture software suite originally developed in 1971.
Navis N4: Navis terminal operating system, deployed at over 300 terminals worldwide.
NEMAG: Dutch maker of bulk handling grabs including the NCC clamshell and rope-controlled grabs for iron ore, coal, and grain.
NMF: Norddeutsche Maschinenfabrik, German maker of shipboard cranes acquired by MacGregor and continued under the MacGregor brand.
No-Load Brake Test: Routine check of crane hoist brake holding capability without load on the hook, performed at shift start.
Noell Crane Systems: German crane maker acquired in stages by KCI Konecranes, contributing the Noell straddle carrier, RTG, and RMG product lines.

O

OCR Portal: A gantry or canopy fitted with cameras and lighting that captures container number, ISO code, IMO placards, and damage imagery as the box passes underneath.
Octopi: Cloud-based TOS by Navis targeting small to mid-size terminals, launched 2018.
Off-Dock Yard: Container storage facility outside the secured terminal perimeter, used for empties and overflow.
OHBC: Over-Head Bridge Crane, a single-girder or double-girder bridge crane used in workshops and container freight stations.
OPUS Terminal: A terminal operating system developed by CyberLogitec used at container terminals in Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas.
Outreach: distance an STS crane spreader can reach beyond the waterside rail.
Overhang: Portion of hull outside the perpendiculars.

P

Panamax STS: Ship-to-shore crane sized for vessels of original Panama Canal lock dimensions, with outreach to serve up to 13 rows on deck.
Peiner: Historical German maker of bulk handling grabs and lashing equipment, with product lines now distributed across successor brands.
PEMA: Port Equipment Manufacturers Association, international industry body representing makers of port and terminal equipment.
Pendant: Short rope with an eye at one end and a thimble at the other.
PLC: Programmable logic controller, foundation of modern marine automation.
PMA: Pacific Maritime Association, US west coast employer group whose labor agreements govern much terminal equipment operation.
Pneumatic Conveyor: Loading system for cement, fly ash, alumina.
Post-Panamax STS: Ship-to-shore crane sized for vessels exceeding original Panama Canal lock width, with outreach typically 16 to 18 rows.
Power Pack: Self-contained motor, pump, and reservoir unit supplying hydraulic power to steering gear or deck machinery.

Q

QRH: Quick Release Hook for shore mooring bollards, allowing remote release of a vessel line under load.
Quay Crane: Container terminal ship-to-shore crane.
Quay Edge: Waterside edge of the apron, the working face of the terminal where vessels are berthed and STS cranes operate.

R

Rail mounted gantry: see RMG.
Rated Load: Maximum load that a crane is designed to lift under stated reach and configuration, marked on the crane and used for operator limits.
RBS: Real-Time Business Solutions, Hong Kong supplier of the TOPS Expert and NextGen terminal operating systems used at several Pacific Rim terminals.
Reach stacker: Heavy duty container handling vehicle.
Reefer container: Refrigerated container with integral plant.
Remote Crane Operation: Cabin-off operation of STS or yard cranes from a control desk in an office building, fitted on increasingly many newbuild and retrofit cranes.
Reuter: Family of European reach stacker and empty handler operators historically supplied by Kalmar and Hyster, used as a generic operator reference.
RFID: Radio Frequency Identification used for chassis, container, and yard equipment identification.
Ringlock: Type of lashing-bar end fitting that engages in a corner casting ring on the container.
RMG: Rail Mounted Gantry, yard crane on fixed rails.
Roll Trailer: Wheeled platform with a gooseneck coupling used in RoRo terminals to carry cassettes, containers, and breakbulk units, also called a Mafi trailer.
Rope Reeving: Path of the hoist rope through the trolley, headblock, and crane structure sheaves that multiplies hoist force and divides hook speed.
Rotating spreader: spreader allowing 360-degree container rotation.
RTG: Rubber-Tyred Gantry crane in container yards.

S

SACL: Semi-Automatic Container Lashing equipment categorized under MacGregor and German Lashing twistlock taxonomies.
SAMSON Material Feeder: Aumund Group surface feeder for receiving bulk material from trucks or wheel loaders and delivering it to a ship loader.
SANY SRSC4545: Chinese reach stacker with 45 ton first-row capacity, part of the SANY Marine Heavy Industry port equipment line.
SATL: Semi-Automatic Twistlock, deck twistlock that engages automatically on stacking but is released manually.
Sealium: MacGregor product family of aluminum lashing rods that reduce lashing weight on container vessels.
Self-Unloader: Bulk vessel with onboard belt conveyors and a discharge boom that allows unloading without shore equipment.
Semi Trailer: Road CTU used in Ro Ro IMDG carriage, subject to securing under CSS Code.
Service Crane: Smaller deck crane fitted on container vessels for storing supplies, lashing equipment, and provisions.
Sheaves: Grooved pulleys that route hoist and boom-hoist rope through a crane reeving system.
Ship loader: shoreside conveyor with loading boom for bulk export.
Ship unloader: shoreside continuous or grab unloader, e.g., Siwertell screw-type, Bedeschi bucket chain.
Shipboard Crane: Pedestal or knuckle-boom crane mounted on a vessel for self-discharge of cargo, supplied by MacGregor, Liebherr, Cargotec, and others.
Shuttle carrier: SC variant for transporting containers between STS and ASC stacks.
Single-Lift: Spreader configuration for one 20 or 40 foot container per cycle, the basic STS spreader mode.
SIPMM: Singapore Institute of Purchasing and Materials Management terminology occasionally used in container-handling literature.
Sisu Industries: Finnish maker of terminal tractors and heavy yard vehicles, headquartered in Karjaa.
Sisu TRC: Terminal tractor series formerly built by Sisu Auto for port and RoRo terminal use.
Siwertell: Bruks Siwertell screw-type ship unloader.
Slewing Bearing: Large bearing supporting the rotation of heavy-lift cranes on offshore and MPP vessels.
Slewing crane: crane with rotating superstructure.
Smartmooring AAS: Automated mooring system that secures vessels at berth without conventional lines, brand of Trelleborg.
Smit bracket: Welded steel bracket on the bow used as a strong point for emergency towing.
SOLAS Chapter VI: Carriage of cargoes and oil fuels, including the IMSBC and Grain codes.
Spreader: telescopic frame on STS and yard cranes engaging container corner castings.
Spreader Headblock: Block at the bottom of the hoist reeving that interfaces with the spreader and provides power and signal connections.
Spreader Twistlocks: Pivoting cones on the underside of a spreader that engage with the container corner castings.
Stacking cone: Locating cone aligning corner castings between stacked containers in yards.
Straddle carrier: yard vehicle straddling and lifting containers.
STS: Ship-to-ship transfer of cargo.
Super Post-Panamax STS: STS crane sized for vessels of 18,000 to 22,000 TEU class with outreach over 22 rows.
SWL: see Safe Working Load.

T

Tandem Lift: Use of two cranes simultaneously on a single load.
TBA TEAMS: Konecranes terminal automation suite, derived from TBA acquired by Konecranes in 2018.
TC Lashing: Tweendeck or under-deck lashing arrangements specific to multipurpose vessels.
Telescopic Spreader: Spreader that extends from 20 to 40 foot or 45 foot, used on STS, RTG, RMG, ASC, and reach stacker.
Terberg: Dutch manufacturer of terminal tractors.
Terberg AutoTUG: Automated terminal tractor variant of the Terberg YT for unmanned operation in mixed traffic terminals.
Terberg Hybrid YT: Terberg yard tractor with diesel-electric powertrain and battery for reduced fuel consumption.
Terberg RT223: 4x2 rough-terrain terminal tractor with raised cabin and reinforced chassis.
Terberg YT122: Standard 4x2 yard tractor for paved terminals.
Terminal tractor: yard tractor or hostler towing chassis, e.g., Terberg YT, Kalmar Ottawa, MAFI.
TEU: Twenty foot equivalent unit.
Tideworks Mainsail: Tideworks Technology terminal operating system for container terminals, owned by Carrix.