Extended Operational and Trade Vocabulary

Marine Coatings, Antifouling, and Hull Husbandry glossary

Vocabulary of marine coatings and hull maintenance: ablative and self-polishing copolymer antifoulings, anti-corrosive primers and airless spray application, the AFS Convention controlling harmful anti-fouling systems and its MEPC.334(76) cybutryne ban, and the biocide-release, surface-preparation and hull-husbandry terminology of protective marine paint systems.

289 defined terms.

Showing 250 on this page (page 1 of 2).

A

A-LF-Sea: Nippon Paint Marine's hydrogel-based low-friction antifouling employing hydration to suppress biofilm and frictional resistance.
Ablative antifouling: A coating that slowly wears away through hydrolysis or mechanical erosion to continuously expose fresh biocide at the surface.
AC primer: Anti-corrosive primer, the first applied layer over blast-cleaned steel intended to inhibit oxidation before topcoats.
Acrylic copolymer SPC: Self-polishing copolymer using acrylate ester side chains that hydrolyze in seawater to release biocide at a controlled rate.
AFS amendment 2021: MEPC.334(76) amendment adding cybutryne (Irgarol 1051) to Annex 1 of the AFS Convention, with a ban effective 1 January 2023.
AFS Convention: International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, 2001.
Airless spray: Application method using hydraulic pressure to atomize paint through a small orifice tip, standard for heavy-duty marine coatings.
AkzoNobel International Paint: A coatings manufacturer whose Material Declarations and Suppliers Declarations of Conformity feed the IHM Part I database for marine paints.
Aluminum Anode: A sacrificial anode of Al-Zn-In alloy with density 2.77 g/cc, theoretical capacity 2,977 Ah/kg, and closed-circuit potential of about -1.10 V vs Ag/AgCl, widely used for ship hulls and offshore…
Amine adduct: Modified amine curing agent used in epoxy primers to improve low-temperature cure and reduce blushing.
Amine blush: Sticky carbamate formation on a curing epoxy when exposed to moisture and carbon dioxide, requiring removal before overcoating.
Anchor Pattern: Geometric layout of mooring legs around a moored unit.
Anti-corrosive coat: A coating layer whose primary function is to prevent steel substrate oxidation, distinct from antifouling or finish coats.
Antifouling Paint: Coating preventing marine organism attachment to ship hulls.
Aquaterras: Nippon Paint Marine biocide-free self-polishing antifouling launched 2013 using medical polymer technology rather than biocide release.
Armach Robotics: Boston-based subsidiary of Greensea Systems offering proactive in-water hull grooming as a service via crawler robots.
ATSL HullSkate: Singapore-developed in-water hull grooming system marketed for proactive cleaning under biofouling management plans.
Australian Biosecurity Act 2015: Commonwealth legislation under which Australia administers mandatory biofouling management requirements for vessels entering Australian waters from 15 June 2022.

B

Ballast tank coating: Protective coating, typically epoxy, applied to ballast tanks under the IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coatings.
Baltoflake: Jotun's polyester glass-flake coating designed for ice-class hulls, boot-tops, and abrasion-exposed areas.
Bannoh: Chugoku Marine Paints' epoxy anti-corrosive primer series used widely in newbuilding ballast tanks and cargo holds.
Barnacle: Sessile crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that adheres firmly to underwater hulls and is a primary target of antifouling coatings.
Beach mark: A drag-related fuel-penalty zone observed along the waterline where slime and macrofouling concentrate due to light exposure.
Belzona: Manufacturer of solvent-free polymer repair composites used to rebuild eroded ballast tank steel, propeller pitting, and shell-plate damage.
Binder: A short-form confirmation of cover issued before the formal policy, evidencing the underwriter's commitment.
Biocide booster: Secondary antifouling active such as DCOIT, zinc pyrithione, or zineb added to copper-based paints to broaden the organism spectrum.
Biocide-free antifouling: Coating that relies on low surface energy or hydrogel chemistry rather than toxic actives to prevent fouling adhesion.
Biofilm: Microbial slime layer on submerged surfaces, the first stage of biofouling.
Biofouling: Accumulation of organisms on submerged surfaces.
Biofouling Management Plan: Ship-specific document required by IMO Resolution MEPC.378(80) describing measures to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species.
Bistris methane: A buffer chemistry sometimes referenced in coating immersion test methods for biocide leaching rate determination.
Black plate: Untreated mill steel surface, distinct from primed or pre-fabrication coated plate, requiring full blast preparation before coating.
Blast profile: See anchor pattern; the surface roughness produced by abrasive impingement.
Blistering: Coating defect with localized swelling; recorded during ballast tank inspections.
Block coat: A coating system applied to pre-fabricated ship blocks prior to erection, typically including shop primer and ballast tank epoxy.
Boot top: Painted band at the waterline that lies alternately above and below water depending on draft and trim.
Bottom paint: General term for antifouling applied below the waterline.
Bridge coat: A tie coat used to bond a fouling-release silicone topcoat to a tie-coat layer over an anti-corrosive epoxy.
Bristle robot: A hull-cleaning crawler equipped with rotating brushes for proactive grooming of soft biofilm.
Brush-Off Blast: Low-grade blast cleaning equivalent to SSPC-SP 7 and ISO 8501-1 Sa 1, removing loose mill scale, loose rust, and loose coating.

C

California Marine Invasive Species Program: State Lands Commission regulatory program requiring biofouling management for vessels arriving at California ports.
Cargo oil tank coating: Specialized epoxy or zinc silicate coating inside crude or product tankers, governed for new tankers by PSPC-COT MSC.288(87).
Cathelco: A UK-based ICCP and marine growth prevention system supplier founded in 1949 in Chesterfield, now part of the Evac Group.
Cathodic disbondment: Loss of adhesion between coating and steel under cathodic polarization, a key qualification test for tank coatings.
Cathodic Protection: Sacrificial or impressed current system protecting subsea steel from corrosion.
Cathwell: A Norwegian manufacturer of sacrificial anodes and ICCP systems for marine and offshore use.
Chalking: Powdery surface degradation of a topcoat caused by UV breakdown of the binder.
Chemical resistance: A coating property describing the ability to withstand specific cargo or chemical exposure without softening, swelling, or blistering.
Chlorinated rubber: Older marine antifouling and anticorrosive resin largely phased out due to VOC and solvent content.
Chlorothalonil: Halogenated nitrile fungicide used historically as an antifouling booster biocide.
Chugoku Marine Paints: Japanese marine coatings manufacturer founded 1917, headquartered in Hiroshima and known by initials CMP.
CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To, Incoterm 2020.
Coal tar epoxy: Historic tank lining combining epoxy with coal tar pitch; restricted today due to PAH content and tank coating PSPC requirements.
Coating Inspector: NACE or FROSIO certified inspector for newbuild or repair coating works.
Coating Technical File: PSPC document package recording paint specification, ambient conditions, inspector logs, and DFT readings for each ballast tank.
Cold weather application: Application of coatings below 10 degrees Celsius using winter-grade curing agents formulated to maintain reactivity.
Copper oxide: Cuprous oxide (Cu2O), the dominant biocide pigment in conventional antifouling paints by mass loading.
Copper pyrithione: Booster biocide used with copper in some antifouling formulations.
Copper thiocyanate: White copper biocide used in light-color and bright-color antifoulings as an alternative to cuprous oxide.
CoreTech: Hempel branding for marine binder technology used in some Hempaguard and Globic product variants.
Corrocoat: UK-based manufacturer of glass-flake polyester linings for offshore and high-abrasion marine service.
Corrosion category: ISO 12944 environmental classification from C1 to CX defining expected corrosion loading on protective coating systems.
Critical pigment volume concentration: The pigment-to-binder ratio above which a coating loses film integrity, key to anti-corrosive primer design.
Cuprous oxide: Principal copper biocide in marine antifouling paints, typically supplied as a red powder.
CWA 15793: Not relevant; placeholder removed.
Cybutryne: Anti-fouling biocide also known as Irgarol 1051, banned under the AFS Convention amendment in force 1 January 2023.

D

DCOIT: 4,5-Dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, a booster biocide marketed under the trade name Sea-Nine 211.
Decimeter scale roughness: Long-wavelength hull roughness contributing to frictional drag, measured as average hull roughness in micrometers.
Dehumidification: Removing moisture from cargo hold air using refrigerant or desiccant units.
DFT: Dry film thickness, the measured thickness of the cured coating, expressed in micrometers.
Diatom: Single-celled alga with silica frustule, dominant primary producer in productive seas.
Diuron: Phenylurea herbicide used historically as an antifouling booster, banned in EU biocidal product applications since 2008.
Dolphin: Isolated marine structure.
Dry abrasive blasting: Surface preparation using non-recyclable copper slag or recyclable steel grit propelled by compressed air.
Drying time: Generic term for time required to reach a specified film state.
Dual frequency probe: Ultrasonic instrument used to verify ballast tank coating thickness without destructive sampling.

E

Eco-Speed: Subsea Industries' biocide-free glass-flake vinyl-ester hard coating for hulls, propellers, and rudders.
ECOsubsea: Norwegian provider of in-water hull cleaning with capture.
Edge grinding: PSPC-mandated mechanical rounding of free steel edges to a 2 mm radius or three-pass grinding to ensure adequate coating coverage.
Edge retention: Capability of a coating to maintain dry film thickness over sharp edges, important for tank-lining qualification.
Electrolyte: The ionically conductive medium, such as seawater or soil, that completes the corrosion or CP circuit.
Ennox: Manufacturer brand referenced in marine coating ozone-related context; placeholder.
Epoxy: Generic resin family forming the backbone of marine anticorrosive primers and tank linings.
Ethyl silicate primer: Inorganic zinc-rich coating using a tetraethyl orthosilicate vehicle that cures by atmospheric moisture.
Evac: Norwegian manufacturer of vacuum collection and sewage treatment systems for marine and offshore use.

F

Fairing compound: Heavy-bodied epoxy filler used to smooth steel hulls before topcoating, common on yachts.
Falling rust: Coating defect of staining on lower surfaces caused by oxidation of ungalvanized fastenings or steel above.
Fence test: A static raft immersion test in which painted panels are exposed in a fouling-active waterway for performance benchmarking.
Finish coat: Last layer of a coating system, providing color, gloss, and weather resistance.
Flake aluminum: Lamellar pigment used in heat-resisting and barrier coatings for exhaust uptakes and funnel exteriors.
Fleet Cleaner: Dutch provider of in-water hull cleaning with biofouling capture.
Fluoropolymer: Low-surface-energy binder family including PTFE-modified silicones used in some fouling-release coatings.
Fluorosilicone: A silicone polymer modified with fluorinated side chains used in some advanced fouling-release products.
Foul Release Coating: Coating that prevents firm attachment of biofouling.
Free-association rule: Generic term for guidance permitting copper-only antifouling on aluminum hulls only when isolated by a tie-coat barrier.
Friction reducing coating: A hull coating, often hydrogel or silicone, claimed to reduce frictional drag relative to a smooth uncoated reference.
FROSIO: Norwegian Professional Council for Education and Certification of Inspectors for Surface Treatment, issuing inspector qualifications widely used in marine and offshore work.
Fugacity: A thermodynamic measure used in modeling copper biocide leaching equilibrium in seawater.

G

Galvanic anode: Zinc/aluminum anode per ASTM B418/F1182.
Garnet abrasive: Almandine mineral grit used as a recyclable, low-dust blasting medium with low embedded chloride content.
Glass flake epoxy: Highly chemical- and water-resistant epoxy containing glass flake pigment, common in ballast tanks and offshore submerged zones.
Globic 9500: Hempel's tin-free chemically hydrolyzing self-polishing copolymer antifouling for ocean-going vessels.
GMP biocide registration: EU Biocidal Products Regulation 528/2012 active substance approval required for any antifouling product placed on the EU market.
Greensea Systems: US provider of marine robotics and hull crawler navigation used for proactive cleaning.
Grit blasting: Surface preparation using angular grit to provide an angular surface profile, preferred for epoxy coatings.
Grooming: Frequent gentle removal of biofilm before macrofouling settles, distinct from reactive cleaning of established growth.

H

Hardness: Resistance of a cured coating to indentation, measured by Persoz, Sward, or shore durometer.
Hardtop: Jotun's two-component aliphatic polyurethane topside topcoat range, including Hardtop AX and Hardtop XP.
Hardtop Easy Clean: Jotun fluorinated polyurethane topcoat marketed for improved soil release and gloss retention on superstructures.
Hempadur: Hempel pure-epoxy range used as primer, intermediate, and tank lining.
Hempaguard MaX: Hempel silicone-hydrogel fouling-release coating with biocide assistance for idle periods up to 120 days.
Hempasil X3: Hempel silicone hydrogel fouling-release coating system.
Hempathane: Hempel range of two-component aliphatic polyurethane finish coats for topsides and superstructures.
Hempel: Danish marine coatings manufacturer founded in 1915 by J.C. Hempel, headquartered in Lyngby.
Holding primer: Quick-drying shop primer applied to blasted steel plate to maintain cleanliness during fabrication.
Holiday: Coating discontinuity such as a missed area, pinhole, or thin spot.
Hot dip galvanizing: Zinc immersion coating used on bolts, ladders, and railings rather than on hull plating.
Hot work damage: Coating burn-back and substrate distortion adjacent to welding or burning operations.
Hull and Niche Area Inspection: An IMO MEPC.378(80) recommended underwater inspection focusing on sea chests, rope guards, and shaft housings.
Hull cleaning robot: Crawler underwater hull cleaning unit.
Hull husbandry: General term for inspection, cleaning, and maintenance of the underwater hull.
HullSkater: Jotun proactive grooming robot launched 2020, deployed under the SeaQuantum Skate antifouling product warranty.
Hydroblasting: Ultra-high-pressure water jetting used for paint removal and surface preparation without abrasive.
Hydrogel: A water-attracting polymer surface domain incorporated in Hempasil X3 and SeaQuantum X200 to reduce slime adhesion.

I

ICCP: Impressed Current Cathodic Protection, a hull protection system using rectified DC and inert anodes to polarize the hull.
IMO MEPC.207(62): Guidelines for the Control and Management of Ships' Biofouling adopted 2011 and recently superseded.
IMO MEPC.378(80): 2023 Revised Guidelines for the Control and Management of Ships' Biofouling adopted at MEPC 80.
In-Water Cleaning: Addressed under MEPC.378(80) BWM and AFS interface guidelines.
In-water survey: Class survey of the underwater hull in lieu of dry docking.
Inorganic Zinc Silicate: Single-package or two-component primer with ethyl silicate or alkali silicate binder loaded with zinc dust at typically 75 to 80 percent by weight in the dry film.
Intercrylic: AkzoNobel International Paint acrylic topcoat range used on superstructures and offshore service.
Intercure: AkzoNobel International Paint family of low VOC abrasion-resistant epoxy intermediate coats.
Intergard: AkzoNobel International Paint range of two-component polyamide-cured epoxy primers used across newbuild ballast tanks.
International Paint: AkzoNobel marine and protective coatings brand, formerly International Paint Ltd, based in Gateshead, United Kingdom.
Interplus: International Paint range of multi-purpose surface-tolerant epoxy maintenance coatings.
Intershield 300: International Paint pure epoxy with aluminum pigment, the dominant universal primer for ice-going vessels and ballast tanks.
Intershield 803: International Paint surface-tolerant abrasion-resistant epoxy used as a single-coat maintenance system.
Intershield 865: International Paint abrasion-resistant pure epoxy used as ice-belt and rudder coating.
Intersleek 1100SR: Silicone fouling release coating from AkzoNobel International typically delivering 2 to 5 percent fuel savings.
Intersleek 1101: International Paint fourth-generation fouling-release product launched 2023 with linear polishing chemistry.
Intersleek 700: International Paint first-generation silicone fouling-release coating commercialized in 1996.
Intersleek 900: International Paint second-generation fluoropolymer fouling-release coating launched in 2007.
Intersmooth: Self-polishing copolymer antifouling paint range.
Interspeed: International Paint conventional CDP (controlled depletion polymer) tin-free antifouling product family.
Intertank: International Paint range of cargo tank linings including Intertank 308 epoxy and Interline phenolic epoxy products.
Intertherm: International Paint range of high-heat-resistant coatings for exhausts and uptakes, including Intertherm 50 silicone.
Intertuf: International Paint surface-tolerant epoxy for shop priming and pre-fabrication coating.
Irgarol 1051: Trade name for cybutryne, a triazine herbicide formerly used as an antifouling booster biocide and banned by the 2023 AFS Convention amendment.

J

Jotamastic: Jotun surface-tolerant epoxy mastic product family.
Jotun: Norwegian coatings manufacturer founded in 1926 by Odd Gleditsch, headquartered in Sandefjord.

K

KCC Marine: Korea Chugoku JV coatings manufacturer (often referenced as KOC) supplying marine paint to Korean shipyards.
Keane-Tator Surface Profile Comparator: A visual standard reference disc used to estimate blast profile by side-by-side comparison.
Kemiplast: Historical Scandinavian protective coatings brand, now consolidated into larger groups.
Kobelco: Kobe Steel brand of welding consumables including SAW, FCAW, and SMAW products.

L

Lamellar pigment: Plate-shaped pigment such as glass flake or MIO that increases barrier path length within an organic coating.
Leaching rate: Mass of antifouling biocide released per unit area per day; regulated by some jurisdictions.
Lifeline coating: Marketing terminology for tie-coat layers binding silicone fouling release to underlying epoxy substrates.
Light-colored finish: PSPC requirement for ballast tank topcoat color to facilitate visual inspection of corrosion or coating defects.
LNG tanker coating: Tank coatings for LNG carrier cargo containment systems differ from oil tankers and use stainless or invar membranes, not paint.
Low solvent: Marine coating formulation reducing volatile organic compounds, often expressed as grams per liter of VOC.

M

Marine growth prevention system: Copper or aluminum anode array energized to dose seawater piping intakes with antifouling ions.
MarineKor: Branded ICCP system supplier of impressed-current hull and seawater MGPS systems.
Mastic epoxy: Surface-tolerant epoxy formulated for application to manually prepared steel.
Medetomidine: Antifouling active substance acting as octopamine receptor agonist on barnacle larvae, used in some Selektope formulations.
MEPC.215(82): IMO resolution adopting the Performance Standard for Protective Coatings for Dedicated Seawater Ballast Tanks, in force 1 July 2008.
MEPC.288(87): IMO resolution adopting the Performance Standard for Protective Coatings for Cargo Oil Tanks of Crude Oil Tankers, in force 1 January 2013.
MGPS: Marine Growth Prevention System, a copper-aluminum electrochemical package fitted in sea chests and cooling lines to suppress fouling and corrosion.
Micaceous iron oxide: Lamellar Fe2O3 pigment used in epoxy and polyurethane intermediate coats for ultraviolet and corrosion resistance.
Mil: A non-SI unit equal to one thousandth of an inch, frequently used to specify North American coating film thickness.
Mill Scale: Bluish iron oxide layer formed on hot-rolled steel during manufacture, removed during surface preparation before coating.
Monocoat antifouling: An antifouling product designed to deliver target service life from a single coat rather than two or three layers.
Mooring chain coating: Cold-tar epoxy or rubber latex coating systems applied to anchor handling chains and floating offshore moorings.

N

NACE: National Association of Corrosion Engineers, now part of the Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP).
NDFT: Nominal Dry Film Thickness, the specified target thickness for a coating layer or system in the PSPC framework.
Niche area: Ship area more susceptible to biofouling such as sea chests, bow thrusters, rudder hinges, propeller shafts, and stabilizer fins.
Nippon Paint Marine: Marine coatings subsidiary of Nippon Paint Holdings of Japan, manufacturing antifoulings and tank coatings worldwide.
Nominal thickness: See NDFT; the specified average film thickness in micrometers for each coating layer.
Nordtest: Scandinavian test protocol referenced for fence-board antifouling performance evaluation.

O

Olympic+ 86950: Hempel chemically polishing antifouling product line for general-purpose merchant ship hulls.
Organotin: Family of organic tin compounds including TBT, banned for antifouling use under the AFS Convention.
Osmotic blister: Coating defect caused by soluble contaminants beneath the film attracting water and forming a fluid-filled dome.
Overcoat interval: Manufacturer-specified time window during which a coating may be overcoated without surface preparation.

P

Passivation: Chemical or electrochemical treatment that renders a metal surface less reactive.
PCT primer: A pre-construction (shop) primer applied to plate and section steel before fabrication to maintain a Sa 2.5 standard between blasting and welding.
Peelable coating: A maintenance product that adheres tightly during service but is removed by stripping rather than blasting.
Penguard: Jotun range of two-component pure epoxy primers and intermediates used in ballast tanks and on hulls.
Persoz hardness: A pendulum hardness test measuring damping of an oscillating pendulum on a coated surface.
Pigment volume concentration: Volume fraction of pigment in the dry film, controlling porosity, hardness, and corrosion resistance.
PIN-class antifouling: Generic informal term for biocide-released self-polishing copolymer used on long-haul tankers and bulkers.
Plimsoll Line: Load-line mark on the hull side, named after Samuel Plimsoll.
Polyamide: Curing agent class used in epoxy primers, providing flexibility and water resistance.
Polyaspartic: Topcoat chemistry offering rapid cure and long-life UV resistance.
Polyurethane: Two-pack topcoat using an aliphatic isocyanate hardener for atmospheric color and gloss retention.
PowerClean: Nippon Paint Marine self-polishing antifouling product range positioned between conventional Cu2O and biocide-free Aquaterras.
PPG Marine: PPG Industries' marine coatings division supplying Sigma, SigmaShield, Sigmaglide, Sigmaprime, and SigmaWeld products.
Pre-construction primer: A weldable shop primer typically based on zinc silicate or epoxy applied at 15 to 25 micrometers to plate steel.
Pre-Sailing Letter: PSL document confirming completion of coating works to specification before vessel departs the yard.
Profile gauge: A digital depth-micrometer device that measures peak-to-valley surface roughness of blasted steel.
Propeller polishing: Hull and propeller maintenance reducing roughness and fuel use.
PSPC: Performance Standard for Protective Coatings adopted by IMO resolution MSC.215(82).
PSPC ballast tank: Dedicated seawater ballast tank standard requiring two-coat epoxy of NDFT 320 micrometers and a 15-year target useful life.
PSPC-COT: IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coatings for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers, Resolution MSC.288(87).
Pure Epoxy: Epoxy coating without coal tar modification used as a non-PAH alternative for tanks, holds, and immersed surfaces.

Q

Qualifying test: PSPC Annex 1 type-approval procedure subjecting a candidate coating to seawater immersion and condensation in cyclic temperature regimes.
Quenching: Heat treatment step in steel manufacture; relevant because freshly quenched plate has different surface behavior under priming.
Quick dry primer: Marine coating designed for rapid early hardness to allow overcoating or handling within a single shift.

R

Refresher coat: A maintenance application of antifouling renewing biocide reservoir without full prior coat removal.
Replica Tape: Compressible foam tape with incompressible polyester backing manufactured under the Testex Press-O-Film brand used to capture surface profile for measurement under ISO 8503-5 and ASTM D4417 Method C.
Rotterdam ECA: Emission Control Area context affecting solvent emissions during coating application in port works.
Roughness: Hull surface deviation contributing to frictional drag, expressed as AHR average hull roughness or as Ra arithmetic mean.
ROV: Remotely Operated Vehicle used for survey, hot tap support, and deep salvage work.
Rust grade: ISO 8501-1 grading of steel surface condition from A to D before preparation.

S

Sa 1: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Light Blast Cleaning.
Sa 2: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Thorough Blast Cleaning.
Sa 2.5: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Very Thorough Blast Cleaning, the standard for most marine epoxy primers.
Sa 3: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Blast Cleaning to Visually Clean Steel.
Sacrificial anode: Zinc/aluminum anode for hull and tank protection.
Sagging: Stress condition with the midship lower than the ends.
Salt contamination: Soluble chloride or sulfate on a substrate that can cause premature coating failure.
SC primer: Specialized coating system primer; generic label, varies by manufacturer.
Sea chest: Hull recess for seawater intake.
Sea Flo Neo: Chugoku Marine Paints low-friction antifouling product with reduced biocide loading.
Sea Premier 3000: Chugoku Marine Paints high-performance self-polishing copolymer antifouling.
Sea Tender 21: Chugoku Marine Paints antifouling product designed for medium activity vessels.
Sea-Nine 211: Trade name for DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), a booster biocide produced by Lanxess.
SeaForce: Jotun SPC antifouling product family.
SeaQuantum Skate: Jotun antifouling marketed for use with the HullSkater proactive grooming robot.
SeaQuantum X200: Jotun silyl-acrylate self-polishing copolymer antifouling enhanced by hydrogel chemistry.
Secondary surface preparation: PSPC required preparation of damaged shop-primed areas after fabrication, typically Sa 2.5 with St 3 for adjoining surfaces.
Selektope: Trade name for the active substance medetomidine used in antifouling coatings.
Self-polishing copolymer: Antifouling technology in which the binder polymer hydrolyzes at a controlled rate in seawater, exposing fresh biocide.
Sherwin-Williams: US coatings manufacturer founded in 1866 in Cleveland whose Protective and Marine Coatings division supplies marine systems.
Shop primer: Quick-drying weldable primer applied to blasted steel plate before construction.
Sigma SigmaShield: PPG Marine glass-flake reinforced epoxy line including SigmaShield 880 for splash zone and abrasion service.
Sigmacover: PPG Sigma Marine epoxy product family used for anticorrosive primers and intermediates.
Sigmadur: PPG Marine polyurethane finish coat line for topsides and superstructure.
Sigmaglide 1290: PPG Marine biocide-free silicone-hydrogel fouling-release coating launched 2020.
Sigmaprime: PPG Sigma Marine surface-tolerant epoxy primer.
Sigmaweld: PPG Marine weldable inorganic zinc shop primer for pre-construction.
Sigmazinc: PPG Marine zinc-rich primer line including organic ZRP and inorganic ethyl silicate variants.
Silicone fouling-release: Coating chemistry based on PDMS that releases fouling under hydrodynamic shear without biocide.
Silyl acrylate: SPC chemistry with triisopropylsilyl ester pendant groups that hydrolyze predictably with vessel speed.
Skin friction: The portion of total ship resistance due to viscous shear on the wetted surface, increased by hull roughness.
Slime: Synonym for biofilm; the early-stage microbial layer that establishes within hours of immersion.
Solvent entrapment: Coating defect caused by skinning over before underlying solvent escapes, producing micro-blisters or weak films.
SPC: Self-polishing copolymer antifouling chemistry.
Splash zone: vertical area subject to spray, requiring protective coatings.
St 2: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade for thorough hand and power tool cleaning where loose mill scale, loose rust, and loose coating are removed.
St 3: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade for very thorough hand and power tool cleaning prepared to a faint metallic sheen.
Statens forurensningstilsyn: Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, the historical regulator setting biocide and emission limits, now part of Miljodirektoratet.