Extended Operational and Trade Vocabulary

Maritime Security, Anti-Piracy and PMSCs glossary

Vocabulary of maritime security and counter-piracy: IMO Assembly resolutions on piracy and armed robbery, high-risk theaters such as the Gulf of Aden, private maritime security companies and their escort tasking, AIS spoofing by sanctioned tankers, UKMTO advisories, and the incident-reporting distinctions like allision used in security casualty analysis.

238 defined terms.

A

A.1025(26): IMO Code of Practice for the Investigation of Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships, adopted 2 December 2009.
A.1107(29): IMO Assembly Resolution adopted 2 December 2015, revising recommendations to governments for preventing and suppressing piracy and armed robbery against ships.
Aden, Gulf of: Body of water between Yemen and Somalia, principal Somali piracy theater 2008 to 2012 with over 230 attacks in 2011 alone.
Aegis Defence Services: UK PMSC founded 2002 by Tim Spicer, acquired by GardaWorld in 2015, historically active in maritime escort tasks.
AIS Spoofing: Falsifying AIS data (MMSI, position, identity) to disguise vessel movements.
Allision: contact between a moving vessel and a fixed object such as a wharf or bridge.
Ambrey: Maritime risk management firm advising on charterparty disputes arising from war risks and conflict zones.
Ambrey Analytics: Subscription intelligence service from Ambrey publishing daily maritime security bulletins on Red Sea, Gulf of Guinea and Strait of Hormuz incidents.
Anti-Piracy Lane: See IRTC, the Internationally Recommended Transit Corridor across the Gulf of Aden.
Approach: BMP5 terminology for a suspicious vessel closing on a merchant ship at speed without legitimate purpose.
Aris 13: Comoros-flagged bunker tanker hijacked 13 March 2017 off Puntland, released two days later, first successful Somali hijacking since 2012.
Armed Guards: Common shorthand for PCASP embarked on merchant vessels under flag-state authorization and ISO 28007 certified providers.
Armed Robbery Against Ships: IMB-defined acts in TS/internal waters (vs UNCLOS piracy).
ASF: Atalanta Shared Awareness and De-confliction Mechanism, EU NAVFOR coordination forum with industry and other naval forces.
ATALANTA: EU NAVFOR counter-piracy operation off Somalia, launched December 2008 and extended to 2026.
Atlanta MOU: 2009 understanding between EU NAVFOR and Kenya on transfer of suspected pirates for prosecution, later replaced by Seychelles and Mauritius agreements.
Awareness Bridge: BMP5 recommendation for additional lookouts on bridge wings during high-risk transits.

B

BAM: Bridge Alert Management, the alert handling framework standardized by IMO Resolution MSC.302(87) and IEC 62923.
BMP Asia: Regional Guide to Counter Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, published by ReCAAP ISC, fifth edition 2022.
BMP West Africa: Guidance tailored to Gulf of Guinea threat profile.
BMP5: Best Management Practices Version 5, published June 2018, replacing BMP4 and covering the wider Indian Ocean.
Boarding Team: Naval personnel inserted to recover a vessel held by pirates.
Booms: Steel or concertina-wire barriers rigged at choke points on deck to deny pirate access, recommended hardening under BMP5.
Brest MSCHOA: Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa relocated to Brest, France in 2019, operational headquarters of EU NAVFOR Operation Atalanta.
Bridge Citadel: Reinforced bridge access protecting helmsman in distinction from the main citadel for the full crew.
Brown Water: Inland and littoral waters where small-craft piracy predominates, contrasted with blue-water deep-sea operations.
Bulkers: Bulk carriers, historically the largest single ship-type victim category in Somali piracy due to low freeboard and slow speed.

C

Caribbean Piracy Risk: Persistent low-level armed robbery and yacht-jackings concentrated off Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, monitored by CSSF and CARICOM IMPACS.
Castor Vali: UK maritime security firm founded 2011, acquired by ZeroSix in 2022, active in PCASP and risk consultancy.
CGPCS: Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, established 14 January 2009 under UNSCR 1851, suspended December 2021 after piracy collapse.
Charterers' Liability: P&I and FD&D cover for time, voyage, or slot charterers.
Chemical Weapon Convention Exemption: Not relevant to PMSCs; see CWC for shipboard searches under SUA 2005 Protocol.
Citadel: Hardened on-board refuge for crew during piracy boarding.
Citadel Drills: Mandatory exercises before entering the HRA, tested by flag-state and PCASP teams.
CMF: Combined Maritime Forces, a 46 nation naval partnership headquartered in Bahrain.
Code of Conduct: See Djibouti, Jeddah, Yaounde and Luanda variants.
Combined Task Force 150: CMF counter-terrorism task force covering 3.2 million square miles of Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea.
Combined Task Force 151: CMF counter-piracy task force established 8 January 2009, commanded on rotation by member navies.
Combined Task Force 152: CMF Arabian Gulf maritime security task force.
Combined Task Force 153: CMF Red Sea task force established 17 April 2022 to address Houthi-era threats.
Constellis: US security firm headquartered in Herndon, Virginia, parent of Triple Canopy, with maritime division offering PCASP services.
Convoy: Group of merchant ships sailing under naval escort.
CSO: Company Security Officer under ISPS Code Part A/11.
CTF 151: CMF counter-piracy task force.
CWC: Counter-piracy Weapons Convention not in force; armed guard weaponry governed by ITAR, EU Dual-Use Regulation and flag-state law.

D

D and D Contractors: Defense and Diplomacy contractors, generic US term for PMSC operators.
Diaplous: Diaplous Maritime Services, Cyprus-headquartered PMSC founded 2010 by Greek shipping interests, ISO 28007 certified.
Djibouti Code of Conduct: 2009 IMO instrument on cooperation against piracy in the western Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden.
Djibouti Regional Training Centre: Maritime security training facility established 2015 under DCOC, supported by Japan and IMO.
DOC: Document of Compliance issued to company under the ISM Code.
Drum Cussac: UK risk management firm founded 1989, acquired by GardaWorld in 2018, with maritime division.
Dryad Global: Maritime intelligence firm headquartered in London, formerly Dryad Maritime, founded 2005, publishes weekly threat assessments.
Dual-Use Items: EU Regulation 2021/821 controlling export of certain security equipment used by PMSCs.

E

EEZ: Exclusive Economic Zone, up to 200 nm under UNCLOS Part V.
Embarkation Port: Designated port where PCASP and weapons board, principally Galle in Sri Lanka, Djibouti, Port Louis and Suez Roads.
EU NAVFOR: European Union Naval Force conducting Operation ATALANTA in the western Indian Ocean.
EU NAVFOR ASPIDES: Defensive EU naval operation in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea launched 19 February 2024 to protect merchant shipping from Houthi attacks.
EUTM Somalia: European Union Training Mission Somalia, building Somali security forces in support of counter-piracy ashore, established 2010.

F

Faina, MV: Ukrainian-operated, Belize-flagged ro-ro carrying 33 T-72 tanks hijacked 25 September 2008, released 5 February 2009 after USD 3.2 million ransom.
Flag State Approval: Authorization required by IMO MSC.1/Circ.1406 before PCASP may embark.
Floating Armory: Vessel storing weapons for PCASP outside territorial seas.
Floating Police Station: ReCAAP ISC informal designation for naval presence in Singapore Strait CAT-3 hotspots.
Free pratique: Permission to use a port after sanitary clearance.
Freeboard: Distance from waterline to freeboard deck, governed by the Load Lines Convention but referenced in SOLAS.
Freedom Adventure: 2024 Houthi-claimed attack illustrating named-vessel reporting through UKMTO and JMIC.

G

G7++ FoGG: Group of Friends of the Gulf of Guinea, donor coordination forum supporting Yaounde Architecture, expanded to G7++ in 2017.
Galle: Sri Lankan port that became the principal eastern PCASP embarkation hub after 2010.
GoG: Gulf of Guinea, West African body of water bordered by 17 littoral states, the world's principal kidnap-for-ransom maritime theater 2018 to 2021.
GoG-MCF/SHADE: Gulf of Guinea Maritime Collaboration Forum / Shared Awareness and De-confliction, established 2021 modeled on the Indian Ocean SHADE.
GOGIN: Gulf of Guinea Inter-regional Network, EU-funded program supporting Yaounde Code implementation.
Grays of Westminster: Not a PMSC; included as a frequent confusion with West-Africa-active firm Grayhawk Holdings.

H

Hansa Stavanger: German-owned, Antigua-and-Barbuda-flagged container ship hijacked 4 April 2009 off Somalia, released 3 August 2009 for approximately USD 2.75 million.
Hardening: Cumulative physical and procedural measures making a vessel a less attractive target.
Hardy A, MV: Vessel reported in 2024 Houthi targeting communications; one of the 100-plus vessels addressed by Yemen-based threats.
Hart: Hart International Security, UK PMSC founded 1999, headquartered in Cyprus, with extensive maritime division.
High Risk Area Gulf of Guinea: Industry-defined area covering waters of Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, recognized in BMP West Africa.
High Risk Area Indian Ocean: Voluntary self-reporting area established 2010, contracted in stages and removed effective 1 January 2023 by the joint industry letter.
HMG: Heavy machine gun; not standard on PCASP teams which typically carry semi-automatic rifles only.
Hormuz, Strait of: Persian Gulf chokepoint critical to oil exports.
Hostage: Person held against will by pirates; ReCAAP and IMB classify incidents by hostage count and outcomes.
Houthi: Ansar Allah movement controlling much of northern Yemen, claimed over 100 attacks on shipping in the Red Sea from November 2023.
HRA-IO: High Risk Area Indian Ocean, removed effective 1 January 2023 following industry consultation reflecting collapse in Somali piracy.

I

ICC IMB: International Chamber of Commerce International Maritime Bureau, NGO based in Kuala Lumpur operating the Piracy Reporting Centre since 1992.
IMB PRC: IMB Piracy Reporting Centre, 24-hour service in Kuala Lumpur receiving reports from masters at sea.
IMCSO: International Maritime Cyber Security Organization, industry forum addressing convergence of physical and cyber threats.
IMO MSC.1/Circ.1334: Guidance to shipowners and ship operators on the prevention and suppression of acts of piracy.
IMO MSC.1/Circ.1405: Revised interim guidance to shipowners on use of PCASP.
IMO MSC.1/Circ.1406: Revised interim recommendations to flag states on use of PCASP.
IMO MSC.1/Circ.1408: Interim recommendations for port and coastal states regarding PCASP.
IMO MSC.1/Circ.1443: Interim guidance to private maritime security companies providing PCASP on board ships.
INTERPOL Maritime Piracy Task Force: Lyon-based coordination unit collecting evidence and suspect biometrics from counter-piracy operations.
IRTC: Internationally Recommended Transit Corridor through the Gulf of Aden.
ISO 28000: Supply-chain security management standard.
ISO 28007: Specification for PMSCs providing privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships, first issued as ISO/PAS 28007 in 2012 and as ISO 28007-1 in 2015.
ISPS Code: International Ship and Port Facility Security Code, mandatory under SOLAS XI-2.
ISSC: International Ship Security Certificate under ISPS Code.

J

Jeddah Amendment: 2017 amendment to the Djibouti Code of Conduct expanding scope to wider maritime security threats including terrorism, IUU fishing and smuggling.
JMIC: Joint Maritime Information Centre, opened February 2020 in Bahrain, multinational hub for merchant-vessel reporting under IMSC and EMASoH.
JMSDF: Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force.
JNCC: Joint Naval Coordination Centre, predecessor concept folded into MSCHOA.
Joint War Committee: London insurance market body publishing Hull War, Piracy, Terrorism and Related Perils Listed Areas.
JWLA-027: Joint War Committee Hull War, Piracy, Terrorism and Related Perils Listed Areas circular, currently in its 28th revision, listing high-risk regions.

K

K and R: Kidnap and ransom insurance, principal underwriters include Hiscox, AIG, Chubb and Beazley, market typically USD 4 to 6 million premium per major maritime claim.
Kenyan Transfer Agreement: EU NAVFOR-Kenya MOU of March 2009 on transfer of pirates for prosecution, suspended October 2010 and partially restored 2014.
Kidnap for Ransom: Pirate model removing selected crew from a vessel for ransom ashore, predominant in the Gulf of Guinea.

L

Lloyd's JWC: See Joint War Committee.
LOA Process: Letter of Authorization process by flag states approving specific PMSC contracts and weapons.
LRAD: Long Range Acoustic Device used to project warnings at high directional volume.
LRIT: Long-Range Identification and Tracking, required by SOLAS V/19-1 since 31 December 2008.
LSW 1331: Lloyd's Standard Wording 1331, hull war risks clause forming the basis of war-risks cover for transits through listed areas.
Luanda Code of Conduct: Concept floated under ECCAS framework but largely subsumed into the Yaounde Architecture.

M

Maersk Alabama: Bermuda-flagged container ship hijacked 8 April 2009 off Somalia, retaken by US Navy SEALs 12 April 2009; Captain Phillips rescued, three pirates killed.
Mahsuri Adventure: Illustrative ReCAAP ISC incident-report-style vessel name.
Manila Amendments: 2010 revisions to the STCW Convention and Code entering into force 1 January 2012.
MARES: Modular Autonomous Robot for Environmental Sampling AUV from OceanScan of Portugal.
MARLO: Maritime Liaison Office Bahrain, US Navy-operated communication conduit between USNAVCENT and commercial shipping since 2008.
Mast: Vertical spar supporting sails or signaling gear.
MDAT-GoG: Maritime Domain Awareness for Trade Gulf of Guinea, French and UK navy facility based in Brest.
MISC: Multinational Information Sharing Cell, embedded with CTF-151 at NSA Bahrain.
Mother Ship: Large processing or supply vessel served by catcher vessels, used in Japanese tuna and Russian crab fleets.
MOWCA: Maritime Organization for West and Central Africa.
MSCHOA: Maritime Security Centre Horn of Africa (EUNAVFOR).
MSCIO: Maritime Security Centre Indian Ocean, terminology used after the 2022 reorganization of the HRA framework.
MV Hardy A: Houthi-attacked vessel reported through UKMTO and JMIC in 2024 incident logs.

N

Naval Cooperation and Guidance for Shipping: NATO NCAGS, doctrine for liaison with merchant shipping in crisis zones.
Neptune Maritime Security: UK PMSC founded 2010, ISO 28007 certified, with offices in Limassol, Galle and Athens.
NIPA: Niger Delta Avengers and successor groups, principal sources of Niger-Delta-coast attacks before kidnap-for-ransom moved to deep water.
Northwood: UK joint forces headquarters that hosted MSCHOA and EU NAVFOR Operation Atalanta from 2008 until 2019 relocation to Brest.
NSC Group: Norwegian Shipowners' Mutual War Risks Insurance Association, principal Norwegian war-risks underwriter for HRA transits.

O

Ocean Shield: NATO Operation Ocean Shield, counter-piracy operation off Somalia from 17 August 2009 to 15 December 2016.
OCIMF: Oil Companies International Marine Forum, owner of SIRE.
Operation Agenor: European Maritime Awareness in the Strait of Hormuz military arm, launched 2020.
Operation Allied Protector: NATO counter-piracy operation March to August 2009, predecessor to Ocean Shield.
Operation Aspides: 2024 EU defensive Red Sea mission.
Operation Atalanta: EUNAVFOR mission off Somalia (since 2008).
Operation EUNAVFOR Med: Mediterranean operations distinct from Atalanta; included IRINI for Libya arms embargo.
Operation Junction Rain: Periodic exercise in West Africa under SHADE-GoG model.
Operation Ocean Shield: NATO counter-piracy mission (2009 to 2016).
Operation Prosperity Guardian: 2023 to 2024 US-led Red Sea defensive coalition.
Operation Sea Guardian: NATO Mediterranean maritime security operation launched 9 November 2016, successor to Active Endeavour.
Operation Sentinel: US-led International Maritime Security Construct in the Strait of Hormuz, launched 7 November 2019.
Opportunistic Attack: Pirate engagement against any target of opportunity within range, contrasted with planned hijack.

P

Panama AMP: Autoridad Maritima de Panama, regulates use of armed guards through Maritime Merchant Circulars including MMC-220.
Passing Distance: BMP5 recommendation to maintain at least 8 nautical miles from Somali coast in transit; greater off Yemen.
PCASP: Privately Contracted Armed Security Personnel as defined by IMO.
Phantom Ship: Vessel hijacked, repainted and re-registered for criminal trade, more common in Southeast Asia than Africa.
Piracy: Defined in UNCLOS Article 101.
Piracy Reporting Centre: IMB facility in Kuala Lumpur operating since October 1992.
PMSC: Private Maritime Security Company providing PCASP under ISO 28007.
Port Facility Security Plan: ISPS document setting out security measures at a port facility.
Port state control: PSC inspection regime.
Privateer: Privately owned vessel licensed by a state to attack enemy shipping.
PSP-CV: Port Security Plan Cape Verde example used in Yaounde implementation.
Puntland Maritime Police Force: Somali regional counter-piracy land force established 2010 with UAE support.

Q

Q-Ship: Historic decoy armed merchantman; archaic but cited in doctrine.
Quex: Generic naval radio call sign used in UKMTO drills.
Quick Reaction Force: Standby military element capable of rapid SAR support.

R

Razor Wire: Coiled barbed tape rigged on rails and overhangs to obstruct boarders, a BMP recommended measure.
ReCAAP: Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, entered into force September 2006.
ReCAAP ISC: Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery, Singapore-based ISC.
Red Sea Risk Premium: War-risks surcharge ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 percent of hull value applied to transits since November 2023.
Refuge Area: See Citadel.
Risk Intelligence: Danish maritime security analyst firm founded 2001, publishes MaRisk database covering 100 countries.
Risk Management Plan: Ship-specific document required under ISO 28007 for each PCASP transit.
Rusoro: Russian Federation MOU partner concept under Djibouti Code; not formally implemented.

S

SAFE Network: Self-Assessment Framework adopted under CGPCS in 2017.
Salty Dawg: US Navy radio code historically used in Operation Earnest Will, occasionally referenced in modern Hormuz operations.
SAMI: Security Association for the Maritime Industry, PMSC trade body founded 2011, dissolved in financial difficulty April 2015.
Secretariat for the Code of Conduct: ICC-IMB-hosted secretariats for both Djibouti and Yaounde codes.
Securewest International: UK maritime security firm founded 1987 headquartered in Cornwall, with operations centre at Falmouth.
SHADE: Shared Awareness and De-confliction, quarterly meeting in Bahrain coordinating CMF, EU NAVFOR and independent deployers operating off Somalia.
SHADE-GoG: Gulf of Guinea Shared Awareness and De-confliction, established 2021.
Ship Security Alert System: SOLAS XI-2/6 covert alarm transmitting a piracy or terrorism alert to the flag state.
Ship Security Officer: SSO, designated under the ISPS Code, evidence often checked in PSC.
Ship Security Plan: SSP, approved by the flag State or RSO under the ISPS Code.
Sirius Star: Saudi-owned VLCC hijacked 15 November 2008 off Kenya carrying USD 100 million of crude, released 9 January 2009 for USD 3 million.
Solace Global: UK risk management firm founded 2007 headquartered in Poole, ISO 28007 certified PCASP provider.
Somalia, Federal Republic of: Coastal state from which over 95 percent of Indian Ocean piracy originated 2008 to 2012.
SOMSEC: Somalia Maritime Security architecture under DCOC Jeddah Amendment.
Sovereign Global: Floating armory operator in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea.
SSAS: Ship Security Alert System mandated by SOLAS XI-2/6.
STAR Gulf: Voluntary Maritime Reporting Scheme administered by JMIC for Gulf of Oman.
Strait of Hormuz: Strait connecting the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman.
SUA 2005 Protocol: Protocol broadening SUA to cover use of ships for WMD transport, in force 28 July 2010.
SUA Convention: Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, adopted 10 March 1988, in force 1 March 1992.
Sulu Sea: Marginal sea of the southwestern Philippines.
Suspicious Approach: BMP5 category requiring immediate UKMTO and IMB reporting.

T

TFG: Transitional Federal Government of Somalia 2004 to 2012, replaced by FGS, consenting state for UNSCR 1816 high-seas operations.
Trident Manor: UK risk consultancy founded 2011 headquartered in Durham, specialising in maritime art and high-value cargo security.
Trilateral Cooperative Arrangement: 2017 agreement among Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines for joint Sulu Sea patrols.
TTX: Tabletop exercise, common training format used by JMIC, MSCHOA and IMB to test reporting procedures.

U

UAE Coast Guard: One of the contributors to floating armory regulation in international waters of the Gulf of Oman.
UKMTO: United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations, Royal Navy facility in Dubai liaising with merchant shipping.
UKMTO Voluntary Reporting Area: VRA covering area from Suez and Bab-el-Mandeb to 78 degrees east and from 10 degrees south to 23 degrees north.
UNCLOS Article 100: Duty of all states to cooperate in the repression of piracy on the high seas.
UNCLOS Article 101: Definition of piracy.
UNCLOS Article 102: Piracy by warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied.
UNCLOS Article 103: Definition of a pirate ship or aircraft.
UNCLOS Article 104: Retention or loss of nationality of a pirate ship.
UNCLOS Article 105: Seizure of a pirate ship, vesting universal jurisdiction in the courts of the seizing state.
UNCLOS Article 106: Liability for seizure without adequate grounds.
UNCLOS Article 107: Ships and aircraft entitled to seize on account of piracy.
UNCLOS Article 110: Right of visit on the high seas.
UNCLOS Article 111: Right of hot pursuit.
UNODC GMCP: UN Office on Drugs and Crime Global Maritime Crime Programme, supports prosecution and prison transfer programmes in Seychelles, Kenya and Mauritius.
UNSCR 1816: 2 June 2008 resolution authorizing states to enter Somali territorial waters to repress piracy, with TFG consent.
UNSCR 1838: 7 October 2008 calling on states with naval assets to deploy in the region.
UNSCR 1846: 2 December 2008 extending UNSCR 1816 for 12 months.
UNSCR 1851: 16 December 2008 authorizing land-based operations against pirate facilities in Somalia.
UNSCR 1897: 30 November 2009 12-month extension.
UNSCR 1950: 23 November 2010 12-month extension.
UNSCR 2018: 31 October 2011 on Gulf of Guinea piracy.
UNSCR 2039: 29 February 2012 follow-up Gulf of Guinea resolution.
UNSCR 2634: 31 May 2022 first standalone Gulf of Guinea operative resolution.
UNSCR 2722: 10 January 2024 condemning Houthi attacks on shipping in the Red Sea.

V

Vessel Hardening: Combination of BMP physical and procedural measures making boarding more difficult.
Vessel Protection Detachment: VPD, military embarked teams as alternative to PCASP, used principally by Italian, Dutch and Spanish flags.
Violence on the High Seas Act: US 18 USC 1651 to 1661, statutory basis for prosecution of pirates in US federal courts.
Voluntary Reporting: Submission to UKMTO, MSCHOA, MARLO, JMIC, MDAT-GoG or ReCAAP ISC of position, course and speed.

W

WAR Risk Insurance: Cover for war and strikes perils excluded from hull policy.
War Risk Trading Warranty: Charter-party clause restricting trading to non-listed areas absent additional premium and owner consent.
Warlike Operations Area: Designation triggering crew bonus payments under most CBAs, typically aligned with JWLA listed areas.
Watchstander: Additional lookout posted under BMP5 in approach areas.
WFP Escort: World Food Programme charter escort scheme conducted by EU NAVFOR Operation Atalanta from 2008.
WPS: Worldwide Personal Security, US Department of State contracts under which Constellis and Triple Canopy operate.

X

X-band radar: 9.4 GHz band marine radar.
XBOX Reporting: Informal name for ReCAAP ISC's incident classification CAT-1 through CAT-4 (no formal XBOX code exists).

Y

Yaounde Architecture: Multi-tier maritime coordination structure with the Interregional Coordination Centre in Yaounde and zonal centers including CRESMAC and CRESMAO.
Yaounde Code of Conduct: 2013 instrument signed by 25 West and Central African states establishing the Yaounde Architecture for maritime security.
Yemen Coast Guard: Pre-2014 partner; effectively replaced by Houthi-controlled forces in western and northern Yemeni waters.

Z

Z-Boat: Lake-class IYRU keelboat designed by Sven Salen in 1939.
Zero-tolerance Boarding: Industry term for PCASP rules of engagement requiring visible warning shots before lethal engagement.
Zone D: Yaounde Architecture maritime zone covering Nigerian and Beninese waters under CRESMAO oversight.
Zone E: Yaounde Architecture maritime zone covering Cameroonian and Equatoguinean waters under CRESMAC oversight.
Zone F: Yaounde Architecture maritime zone covering Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, and Congo waters.
Zone G: Yaounde Architecture maritime zone covering Angola and Democratic Republic of Congo waters.
Zone H: Reserved Yaounde extension zone.
Zumwalt class: USN DDG-1000 tumblehome multi-mission destroyer with two AGS 155 mm guns and Mk 57 PVLS.