Extended Operational and Trade Vocabulary

LNG and LPG Carrier Operators and Containment Systems glossary

Terms identifying the gas-carrier fleet and its technology: Q-Max, Q-Flex and conventional LNG carriers, FSRU conversions, GTT membrane containment such as NO96 and Mark III, the named ships, capacities and builders, and the operators and charter structures behind long-term LNG and LPG transport for utilities and producers like Nakilat and Knutsen.

212 defined terms.

A

Aamira: Q-Max LNG carrier of 266,000 m3 delivered 2010 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat, Qatar flag, hull number 1689.
Abdelkader: Conventional LNG carrier of 147,000 m3 delivered 2010 by STX France for Hyproc Shipping, Algerian operator.
Acer: LNG carrier of 145,000 m3 with GTT NO96 membrane, operated by NYK Line for long term Japanese utility contracts.
Adam LNG: FSRU of 170,000 m3 converted from steam carrier, operated by KARMOL joint venture of Karpowership and MOL.
Adriano Knutsen: Conventional LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2013 by Hyundai Samho for Knutsen OAS Shipping, Spanish flag.
Al Aamriya: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 217,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat, Marshall Islands flag.
Al Bidda: Conventional LNG carrier of 145,000 m3 delivered 1999 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for Nakilat, Moss containment.
Al Daayen: Q-Max LNG carrier of 263,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Daewoo Shipbuilding, hull 2266, Marshall Islands flag.
Al Dafna: Q-Max LNG carrier of 263,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat, GTT NO96 membrane.
Al Gattara: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 216,000 m3 delivered 2007 by Hyundai Heavy Industries, first vessel of Q-Flex class.
Al Ghariya: Conventional LNG carrier of 145,000 m3 delivered 1996 with Moss spherical tanks for Nakilat.
Al Hamla: Conventional LNG carrier of 145,700 m3 delivered 1997 by Mitsubishi for Nakilat, Bahamas flag.
Al Huwaila: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 217,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Jasra: Conventional LNG carrier of 145,000 m3 with Moss tanks operated by Nakilat under long term charter to Qatargas.
Al Karaana: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 216,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries, Marshall Islands flag.
Al Kharsaah: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 216,200 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Khattiya: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 216,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Khor: Conventional LNG carrier of 137,500 m3 delivered 1996 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Moss containment.
Al Mafyar: Q-Max LNG carrier of 266,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Marrouna: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 151,700 m3 delivered 2006 by Hyundai Heavy Industries, first Q-Flex in series.
Al Mayeda: Q-Max LNG carrier of 266,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Samsung Heavy Industries, charter to Qatargas.
Al Nuaman: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 217,000 m3 delivered 2010 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Oraiq: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 217,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Rayyan: Conventional LNG carrier of 137,000 m3 delivered 1997 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries with Moss tanks.
Al Ruwais: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 216,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Sadd: Q-Max LNG carrier of 266,000 m3 delivered 2010 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Safliya: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 217,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Sahla: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 217,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Nakilat.
Al Samriya: Q-Max LNG carrier of 266,000 m3 delivered 2010 by Daewoo Shipbuilding, hull 2275.
Al Shamal: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 217,000 m3 delivered 2009 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Nakilat.
Al Sheehaniya: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 216,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Thakhira: Conventional LNG carrier of 137,000 m3 delivered 1994 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries with Moss containment.
Al Utouriya: Q-Flex LNG carrier of 210,100 m3 delivered 2009 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Al Wajbah: Conventional LNG carrier of 135,500 m3 delivered 1997 by Kvaerner Masa Yards, Moss containment.
Al Wakrah: Conventional LNG carrier of 137,000 m3 delivered 1997 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries with Moss tanks.
Al Zubarah: Conventional LNG carrier of 137,500 m3 delivered 1996 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Bahamas flag.
Aman Bintulu: LNG carrier of 18,800 m3 delivered 1993 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for MISC Berhad, Moss containment.
Angelicoussis Group: Greek shipping family parent of Maran Gas Maritime, controlling one of the largest private LNG fleets globally.
Avance Gas: Bermuda-based VLGC owner and operator listed in Oslo, with a fleet trading LPG on long-haul export routes from the US Gulf and Middle East.
Avenir Advantage: 7,500 m3 LNG carrier and bunker vessel in the Avenir LNG fleet.
Avenir Aspiration: LNG carrier and bunker vessel in the Avenir LNG fleet.
Avenir LNG: Small-scale LNG shipping and supply company majority owned by Stolt-Nielsen and Golar LNG, operating LNG bunker vessels including Avenir Achievement.

B

Bahri: Saudi Arabian state-linked operator of one of the world's largest chemical tanker fleets, headquartered in Riyadh.
Barcelona Knutsen: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2010 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Knutsen OAS Shipping, GTT NO96.
Boil off gas: Vaporized cargo from LNG tanks used as fuel in ME-GI or DFDE plants.
Boil-off rate: Daily percentage of cargo volume lost as vapor, typically 0.10 to 0.15 percent per day on modern membrane LNG carriers.
British Diamond: LNG carrier of 155,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for BP Shipping with GTT NO96.
British Mentor: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for BP Shipping with X-DF dual fuel.
British Merchant: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for BP Shipping, GTT Mark III Flex.
British Partner: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 with X-DF propulsion for BP Shipping.
British Ruby: LNG carrier of 155,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for BP, GTT NO96 containment.
British Sapphire: LNG carrier of 155,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for BP Shipping.
British Sponsor: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo Shipbuilding with WinGD X-DF engines.
British Trader: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for BP Shipping.
BW Gemini: VLGC of 84,000 cbm delivered 2015 by Hyundai Heavy Industries for BW LPG.
BW Group: Singapore-headquartered shipping group with interests across LPG, LNG, product tankers, and offshore LNG infrastructure.
BW LNG: Singapore-based LNG carrier and FSRU owner within the BW Group.
BW LPG: Oslo-listed VLGC owner and operator, one of the largest fleets of Very Large Gas Carriers globally.
BW Magna: FSRU of 170,000 m3 chartered to ENGRO Elengy Terminal at Port Qasim Pakistan.
BW Singapore: FSRU of 170,000 m3 owned by BW LNG, deployed at PGN terminal in Lampung Indonesia.
BW Tatiana: FSRU of 170,000 m3 deployed at Gulf of Aqaba Jordan terminal for NEPCO.

C

Capital Gas: Greek LNG operator subsidiary of Capital Maritime and Trading Corp controlled by Evangelos Marinakis, fleet of 18 plus modern LNGCs.
Cardissa: 6,500 m3 LNG bunker vessel owned by Shell, delivered in 2017, serving Northwest European ports.
Cargo containment system: Total arrangement of cargo tank, insulation, secondary barrier, and supporting structures used to carry liquefied gas under the IGC Code.
CIMC SOE: Chinese tank manufacturer producing Type C tanks for small scale LNG carriers and bunker vessels.
Class B-Tank: Independent tank designed under IGC Code Type B rules permitting partial secondary barrier, used in Moss and SPB systems.
Class C-Tank: Pressure vessel tank designed under IGC Code Type C rules, used in small scale LNG and LPG carriers up to around 10 bar.
Coaster gas carrier: Smallest LPG vessel class of 3,000 to 15,000 cbm capacity for short sea pressurized or semi-refrigerated trades.
Conventional LNG carrier: Mainstream class of LNG carrier with capacity in the range of approximately 125,000 to 180,000 cubic meters.
Cool Company: Oslo-listed LNG carrier owner and operator established in 2022, focused on TFDE and modern two-stroke LNG tonnage.
Coral Encanto: LNG carrier of 7,500 m3 delivered 2022 for Anthony Veder Mediterranean operations.
Coral Methane: 7,500 m3 small-scale LNG carrier and bunker vessel owned by Anthony Veder of the Netherlands, used in early dedicated LNG bunker operations from 2009.
Coralius: 5,800 cubic meter LNG bunker vessel delivered in 2017 and operated in Northern European waters.
Cryogenic temperature: Temperature regime below minus 100 degrees Celsius required to maintain LNG cargo at minus 163 degrees C atmospheric.

D

Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering: South Korean shipbuilder, now Hanwha Ocean, with a long history of LNG and LPG carrier construction including membrane LNG vessels.
Diamond Gas Crystal: LNG carrier of 165,000 m3 delivered 2019 by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding for NYK Line and Diamond Gas Carriers.
Diamond Gas Orchid: LNG carrier of 165,000 m3 delivered 2018 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, sayaringo STaGE design.
Dorian LPG: New York and Oslo-listed VLGC owner and operator headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut.
Dual fuel diesel electric: Propulsion architecture using DFDE engines burning boil-off gas and marine diesel, standard on 2003 to 2014 generation LNGCs.
Dynagas LNG Partners: NYSE listed master limited partnership owning six ice class LNGCs, sponsor George Prokopiou.
Dynagas Ltd: Greek parent of Dynagas LNG Partners operating fleet of 15 ice class LNG carriers in Arctic and conventional trades.

E

Eduard Toll: Yamalmax Arc7 LNG carrier delivered 2018, named for the Russian Arctic explorer.
Engie: French utility, partner with EDPR in the Ocean Winds offshore wind joint venture.
Engie Zeebrugge: 5,000 cubic meter LNG bunker vessel delivered in 2017 and based at Zeebrugge, Belgium.
EPS: Eastern Pacific Shipping, private Singapore based ship manager controlled by Idan Ofer, spinoff parent of Cool Company.
Excelerate Energy: Texas-based FSRU pioneer with multiple regasification vessels operating worldwide.
Excelerate Sequoia: FSRU of 173,400 m3 delivered 2020 by Daewoo for Excelerate Energy.
Excellence: 80 m Abeking and Rasmussen delivered 2019 to Herb Chambers, designed by Winch Design.
Experience: FSRU of 173,400 m3 delivered 2014 by Daewoo for Excelerate Energy, deployed Bahia Brazil.
Exquisite: FSRU of 150,900 m3 delivered 2009 by Daewoo for Excelerate Energy, deployed Port Qasim Pakistan from 2015.

F

Fedor Litke: Arc7 ice class LNG carrier of 172,600 m3 delivered 2017 by DSME for Mitsui OSK Lines and Yamal LNG.
Flex Aurora: LNG carrier of 174,000 m3 delivered 2020 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Flex LNG, MEGI propulsion.
Flex Constellation: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2019 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Flex LNG.
Flex Endeavour: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo for Flex LNG, GTT Mark III Flex.
Flex Enterprise: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Flex LNG.
Flex Freedom: LNG carrier of 174,000 m3 delivered 2021 by Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries for Flex LNG.
Flex LNG: NYSE and Oslo dual listed LNG carrier owner with fleet of 13 modern fifth and sixth generation LNGCs, John Fredriksen affiliated.
Flex Rainbow: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Flex LNG.
Flex Ranger: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Flex LNG, MEGI propulsion.
Fluxys: Belgian gas transmission operator and minority shareholder in Dunkerque LNG terminal.
FSRU: Floating storage and regasification unit for LNG import.
Fully refrigerated: LPG ship type carrying cargo at atmospheric pressure and minus 50 degrees C for propane, standard for VLGCs and LGCs.

G

GAIL India: Indian gas company with chartered LNG carrier fleet for US Sabine Pass and Cove Point offtake.
GasLog: NYSE listed LNG carrier owner taken private 2021 by BlackRock Global Energy and Power Infrastructure Fund, fleet of 35 LNGCs.
GasLog Greece: LNG carrier of 174,000 m3 delivered 2016 by Samsung Heavy Industries for GasLog Partners.
GasLog Houston: LNG carrier of 174,000 m3 delivered 2018 by Samsung Heavy Industries for GasLog.
GasLog Warsaw: LNG carrier of 180,000 m3 delivered 2019 by Samsung Heavy Industries for GasLog.
Gasum: Nordic energy company, formerly Skangas, operating the Coralius and a fleet of LNG bunker vessels in Northern Europe.
Golar LNG: Bermuda-based LNG shipping and FLNG company listed on Nasdaq.
Golar Tundra: FSRU of 170,000 m3 delivered 2015 by Samsung Heavy Industries, deployed Ghana then Italy.
GTT: Gaztransport and Technigaz, French engineering company that licenses membrane LNG containment systems.
GTT Mark III: GTT membrane LNG containment system using stainless steel primary barrier with corrugations on insulation panels.
GTT Mark III Flex Plus: Latest evolution with 555 mm insulation achieving 0.07 percent per day boil-off rate.
GTT Mark III Flex+: Membrane containment with stainless primary.
GTT Mark V: Latest GTT membrane system combining stainless steel primary barrier and Invar secondary barrier.
GTT NO96: GTT membrane LNG containment system using Invar primary and secondary barriers with plywood boxes filled with perlite.
GTT NO96 GW: NO96 variant using reinforced polyurethane foam insulation boxes in place of perlite-filled plywood for improved BOR.
GTT NO96 Super+: Latest NO96 evolution with reinforced glass wool achieving 0.07 percent per day boil-off rate.

H

Handysize LPG carrier: Vessel of 15,000 to 25,000 cbm capacity, often semi-refrigerated for ammonia, propane, butane and petrochemical gases.
Hanwha Ocean: Korean shipbuilder, former Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering.
Hellas Aphrodite: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo for Latsco LNG Marine, MEGI propulsion.
Hellas Hera: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Latsco LNG Marine.
Hilli Episeyo: FLNG converted from 1975 Moss LNG carrier, deployed Cameroon for Perenco, capacity 2.4 mtpa.
Hoegh Esperanza: FSRU of 170,000 m3 delivered 2018 by Hyundai for Hoegh LNG, deployed Wilhelmshaven Germany 2022.
Hoegh Galleon: Hoegh LNG FSRU.
Hoegh Giant: Hoegh LNG FSRU.
Hoegh Grace: Hoegh LNG FSRU.
Hoegh LNG: Norwegian LNG shipping and FSRU operator with a fleet of regasification vessels deployed globally.
Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding: CSSC subsidiary at Shanghai, leading Chinese builder of LNG carriers.
Hyundai Heavy Industries: HHI, Ulsan, world's largest shipbuilder by output.
Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries: HHI group yard building larger vessels.
Hyundai Utopia: LNG carrier of 138,000 m3 delivered 1994 by Hyundai Heavy Industries for KOGAS, first Korean built LNGC.

I

IGC Code: International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk.
IHI Corporation: Japanese heavy industries group that developed the SPB self-supporting prismatic IMO Type B containment system.
Inert gas: nitrogen or flue gas blanketing chemical or oil tanks during transfer.
ISO 20519:2017: International standard for LNG bunkering of fueled vessels, specifying transfer procedures, hose and connector standards.
Itochu: Japanese trading house holding LNG offtake from various US, Australian and Middle East projects, partner in JERA chartered fleet.

J

JERA: Japanese power generation joint venture between TEPCO and Chubu Electric, one of the largest LNG buyers in the world.
Jules Verne: LNG carrier of 154,500 m3 delivered 2018 by Hyundai Heavy Industries for GasLog and Total joint venture.

K

K-Line: Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha, major LNG carrier operator with Moss and membrane fleet.
Kairos: 7,500 cubic meter LNG bunker vessel operated by Nauticor for Northern European fueling services.
KARMOL: Joint venture of Karpowership and Mitsui OSK Lines for FSRU and powership combinations in emerging markets.
Kawasaki Heavy Industries: Japanese shipbuilder with a history of constructing Moss-type LNG carriers.
KC-1: Korean Gas/Hyundai/Samsung/DSME Korean membrane CCS introduced on SK Serenity and Spica.
Knutsen OAS Shipping: Norwegian owner of LNG carriers operating predominantly under long-term charters, often referenced as Knutsen LNG.
KOGAS: Korea Gas Corporation, terminal operator and licensor of KC-1 membrane system.
Kvaerner Moss: Norwegian engineering firm, designer of Moss spherical tank system, patent now held by Moss Maritime under Saipem.

L

Lauritzen Kosan: Danish LPG carrier operator merged with BW Epic Kosan, operator of small scale LPG and ethylene carriers.

M

Maran Gas Maritime: Greek LNG shipping company part of the Angelicoussis Group, operating a large fleet of LNG carriers.
Maran Gas Pericles: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2016 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Maran Gas with MEGI.
Maran Gas Roxana: LNG carrier of 174,000 m3 delivered 2018 by Daewoo for Maran Gas Maritime.
Marubeni: Japanese trading house with LNG offtake from Equatorial Guinea, Qatar and Australia, partner in chartered fleet.
MEGI: MAN ME-GI gas-injection engine, common on Q-Flex retrofits, US-built LNGCs, and many post-2016 newbuilds.
Membrane containment: Cargo containment system in which the cargo load is supported by the inner hull through thin metallic primary and secondary membranes and load-bearing insulation.
Methane Princess: First commercial LNG carrier of 27,400 m3 delivered 1964 by Vickers-Armstrong for Conch International Methane.
MGC: Mid-size Gas Carrier of approximately 22,000 to 40,000 cubic meters, common in LPG and ammonia trades.
MISC Berhad: Malaysian shipping company majority owned by Petronas, operator of around 30 LNG carriers including Seri series.
Mitsubishi Corporation: Japanese sogo shosha with significant LNG offtake from Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, joint venture partner in NYK Diamond Gas Carriers.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries: Japanese conglomerate whose climate control division produces marine container refrigeration units.
Mitsui OSK Lines: Japanese shipping major with a large LNG and LPG fleet, commonly abbreviated MOL.
MOL FSRU Challenger: FSRU of 263,000 m3 delivered 2017 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for MOL, largest FSRU built to date.
Moss Maritime: Norwegian designer of the Moss spherical IMO Type B LNG containment system.
Moss spherical tank: Independent IMO Type B aluminum spherical tank originally designed by Kvaerner Moss, sphere diameter typically 36 to 44 meters.
Mozah: First Q-Max LNG carrier of 266,000 m3 delivered 2008 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat, named after Sheikha Moza bint Nasser.

N

Naftomar Shipping: Greek LPG and chemical tanker operator, fleet of MGC and Handysize LPG carriers.
Nakilat: Qatar Gas Transport Company, owner of the Q-Flex and Q-Max LNG carriers serving Qatari LNG exports.
Nikolay Urvantsev: Arc7 ice class LNG carrier of 172,600 m3 delivered 2017 by DSME for Mitsui OSK Lines Yamal LNG fleet.
NLNG: Nigeria LNG Limited, operator of Bonny Gas Transport fleet of 24 LNG carriers serving Bonny Island liquefaction.
NYK Line: Nippon Yusen Kaisha, Japanese shipping group with vessels under Japan, Singapore, and Marshall Islands flags.

O

Oman LNG: Omani LNG exporter chartering fleet of around 12 LNG carriers from various owners including Nakilat and Awilco.

P

Pacific Eurus: LNG carrier of 165,500 m3 delivered 2017 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Pacific LNG Marine.
Petredec: Bermuda and Switzerland based LPG operator with fleet of 60 plus LPG carriers from VLGC down to coaster sizes.
Pressurized LPG carrier: Small LPG vessel with Type C tanks at ambient temperature and pressures up to 18 bar, capacities up to 7,500 cbm.

Q

Q-Flex: 210,000 to 217,000 m3 LNG carriers, 14 in fleet built for Qatargas, propelled by twin slow-speed engines with onboard reliquefaction.
Q-Max: 263,000 to 266,000 m3 LNG carriers, 14 in fleet for Qatargas, dual reliquefaction trains; world's largest LNGCs.
QatarEnergy LNG: Successor to Qatargas and RasGas, the integrated Qatari LNG producer.
QatarEnergy LNG NFE: North Field Expansion program adding 32 mtpa via Ras Laffan trains 7 to 10 by 2027.

R

Re-liquefaction plant: Onboard equipment compressing and condensing boil-off gas back to LNG, standard on Q-Flex, Q-Max and selected modern carriers.

S

Samsung Heavy Industries: SHI, Korean shipbuilder at Geoje, building LNG carriers, drillships, and FPSOs.
Sayaendo: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries LNG carrier design with continuous cover over Moss spheres, four units delivered 2014 to 2016 of 155,000 m3.
Sayaringo STaGE: Mitsubishi Shipbuilding design with apple shaped Moss tanks and integrated regas readiness, capacity around 165,000 m3.
Seapeak: Successor name (from 2022) of Teekay LNG Partners, owned by Stonepeak Partners, fleet of around 50 LNG carriers and LPG carriers.
Seapeak Bahrain: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2019 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Seapeak.
Seapeak Catalunya: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2017 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Seapeak.
Seapeak Madrid: LNG carrier of 173,400 m3 delivered 2016 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Seapeak with MEGI propulsion.
Semi-refrigerated LPG carrier: Synonym for semi-pressurized LPG carrier emphasizing the intermediate temperature regime.
Seri Alam: LNG carrier of 152,300 m3 delivered 2006 by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for MISC Berhad.
Seri Camellia: LNG carrier of 150,200 m3 delivered 2016 by Hyundai Samho for MISC Berhad.
SGMF: Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel, London-based industry body established in 2013, publishing bunkering safety guidelines and crew training recommended practices.
Shell Tankers: Shipping arm of Shell, charterer and operator of significant LNG fleet including ex BG Group vessels.
Solvang ASA: Norwegian Stavanger headquartered LPG carrier operator with fleet of 21 LPG and ethylene carriers including ammonia ready VLGCs.
SPB: Self-supporting Prismatic IMO Type B containment system developed by IHI.
StealthGas: NASDAQ listed LPG carrier operator with fleet of around 35 small to medium LPG carriers, Greek led.
Sumitomo Corporation: Japanese trading house with LNG offtake from Russia Sakhalin, US Cameron LNG and Australia Ichthys.

T

TEPCO: Tokyo Electric Power Company, major LNG buyer through JERA joint venture with Chubu Electric.
Total Energies: French oil major and LNG portfolio player, charterer of fleet including Jules Verne and other modern LNGCs.
Trafigura: Commodities trader that has invested in CO2 shipping and offshore renewable projects.

V

Velikiy Novgorod: Arc7 ice class LNG carrier of 172,600 m3 delivered 2014 by Stx France for Sovcomflot, GTT NO96 GW.
Vladimir Rusanov: Arc7 ice class LNG carrier of 172,600 m3 delivered 2018 by DSME for Mitsui OSK Lines Yamal LNG fleet.
VLEC: Very Large Ethane Carrier, a gas carrier of 85,000 cubic meters or more configured for ethane transport, exemplified by vessels serving Reliance Industries.
VLGC: Very Large Gas Carrier, ~84,000 m3 LPG.

W

WilForce: VLGC of 84,000 cbm delivered 2013 by Hyundai Heavy Industries for Avance Gas Holding.
WilPride: VLGC of 84,000 cbm delivered 2013 by Hyundai for Avance Gas Holding.
WinGD X-DF: Low-pressure dual-fuel two-stroke engine family.
Woodside Energy: Australian LNG operator at Northwest Shelf, Pluto and Scarborough projects, charterer of dedicated LNG carrier fleet.
WSD59 8K: Standard VLGC design by SDARI for 86,000 cbm dual fuel LPG carrier widely contracted at Chinese yards from 2021.

X

X-DF 2.0: Second generation WinGD low pressure dual fuel engine with improved methane slip performance, deployed from 2022 newbuildings.

Y

Yamal LNG: Russian Arctic LNG project at Sabetta exporting via Arc7 LNG carriers on the NSR.
Yamal Spirit: LNG carrier of 174,000 m3 delivered 2017 by Daewoo Shipbuilding for Seapeak Yamal feeder service.

Z

Zarga: Q-Max LNG carrier of 266,000 m3 delivered 2010 by Samsung Heavy Industries for Nakilat.
Zhejiang Energy: Chinese provincial utility operating LNG receiving terminal at Zhoushan and chartered LNG carrier fleet.
Zhoushan: Chinese port and shipbuilding cluster in Zhejiang province, host to repair and newbuild yards.