Extended Operational and Trade Vocabulary

Marine Paints, Coatings and Antifouling glossary (page 2)

The coatings vocabulary: abrasive blasting and surface preparation, two-pack epoxy and polyurethane chemistry (activators, accelerators, acrylic binders), antifouling systems, and the cure, adhesion, and application-condition terms. Grounds each term in the coating chemistry or the surface-preparation process it belongs to.

554 defined terms.

Showing 250 on this page (page 2 of 3).

I

International Intersmooth: Self-polishing hydrolyzing copolymer antifouling product family.
International Interspeed: Controlled depletion polymer antifouling product family.
International Interswift: Tin-free CDP antifouling product line.
International Interzone: Epoxy and ultra-high-solids epoxy product family for offshore service.
International Paint: AkzoNobel marine and protective coatings brand, formerly International Paint Ltd, based in Gateshead, United Kingdom.
Intumescent coating: Passive fire protection coating that swells when heated, used on offshore topsides; not a primary ship product but available in marine ranges.
Inverse curve cure: Cure behavior of solvent-free epoxies that gel faster at higher temperature.
Irgarol 1051: Trade name for cybutryne, a triazine herbicide formerly used as an antifouling booster biocide and banned by the 2023 AFS Convention amendment.
ISO 12944: International standard, parts 1 to 9, on corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint systems.
ISO 12944-2: Part defining atmospheric corrosivity categories C1 to C5 and CX and immersion categories Im1 to Im4.
ISO 12944-5: Part specifying paint systems by binder type and corrosivity category.
ISO 12944-6: Part covering laboratory performance tests for coating qualification.
ISO 12944-7: Part on execution and supervision of paint work.
ISO 12944-8: Part on specifications for new work and maintenance.
ISO 12944-9: Part on protective coatings for offshore and related structures.
ISO 16276: Standard for assessment of adhesion and cohesion of protective paint systems.
ISO 19840: Standard giving rules for measuring DFT on rough surfaces using the 80/20 rule and correction factor.
ISO 4624: Standard for pull-off adhesion testing of coatings.
ISO 8501-1: Standard defining visual assessment of rust grades and preparation grades St 2, St 3, Sa 1, Sa 2, Sa 2.5, and Sa 3.
ISO 8501-3: Standard on preparation grades for welds, edges, and other areas with surface imperfections.
ISO 8502: Standard series on tests for the assessment of surface cleanliness, including soluble salt and dust measurements.
ISO 8502-3: Standard for assessment of dust on prepared surfaces using pressure-sensitive tape.
ISO 8502-6: Bresle method for extraction of soluble contaminants from a surface for analysis.
ISO 8503: Standard for surface profile assessment using comparators or stylus instruments.
ISO 8504: Standard giving guidance on methods for the preparation of steel substrates.
Isocyanate: Reactive group in polyurethane Component B providing crosslinking.
Isophthalic gelcoat: Polyester gelcoat used on GRP hulls, generally not a category of marine paint.
Isothiazolinone: Class of biocides including DCOIT used in antifouling formulations.

J

Jet wash: High-pressure freshwater rinse to remove salts and contaminants before recoating.
Joint coating: Coating applied across the joint between previously coated plates or blocks.
Jotacote: Jotun underwater hull primer range.
Jotamastic: Jotun surface-tolerant epoxy mastic product family.
Jotun: Norwegian coatings manufacturer founded in 1926 by Odd Gleditsch, headquartered in Sandefjord.
Jotun Group: Parent organization of Jotun A/S and its global affiliates manufacturing marine and protective coatings.
Jotun Hardtop: Polyurethane topcoat family for marine atmospheric exposure.
Jotun Penguard: Epoxy primer and tank coating family.
Jotun SeaForce: Self-polishing copolymer antifouling product family.
Jotun SeaForce Active: SPC antifouling with enhanced biocide release for higher activity periods.
Jotun SeaLion: Foul-release silicone antifouling product family.
Jotun SeaLion Repulse: Foul-release product within the SeaLion family targeting slime control.
Jotun SeaLion Resilient: Silicone foul release coating.
Jotun SeaQuantum: Self-polishing copolymer silyl methacrylate antifouling brand.
Jotun SeaQuantum Skate: SeaQuantum variant for higher-activity vessels.
Jotun SeaQuantum Ultra S: Advanced silyl-acrylate antifouling product within the SeaQuantum range.
Jotun SeaQuantum X200: Premium silyl-methacrylate antifouling product within the SeaQuantum range.
Jotun Tankguard: Cargo tank lining family for chemical and product tankers.

K

KCC Corporation: South Korean coatings group based in Seoul, with marine coatings division supplying Korean and global shipyards.
Keel coating: Antifouling and anticorrosive system applied to flat keel and bilge plating.
Knot sealer: Shellac or alcohol-based coating used on timber but rarely on steel hulls.
KoreMariCoat: Generic term occasionally used in regional Korean specifications for marine coating systems.

L

Lacquer: Single-pack solvent-evaporating coating, used historically for furniture and decorative trim and rarely for hull work.
Leached layer: Surface layer of a depleted antifouling paint film from which biocide has been released.
LED inspection light: Cold-light source used during tank coating inspection to identify defects without heating surface.
Light reflectance value: Measure of how much visible light a coating reflects, important in cargo and storage tanks.
Lining: General term for an internal coating system applied to a tank or vessel.
Liquid epoxy: Solvent-free or high-solids epoxy applied at high thickness.
Load line markings: Painted marks whose contrast against hull paint is regulated by classification societies.
Long oil alkyd: Slow-drying alkyd with high oil content used for brushable maintenance paints.
Low surface energy: Property of foul-release coatings that resists organism adhesion.
Low VOC: Coating formulated to reduce volatile organic compound content below regulatory limits.

M

Maintenance and repair: Category of coatings applied in service to extend the life of original coating systems.
Manganese phosphate: Surface treatment used on small components but not on hulls.
Marathon: Hempel antifouling product family using CDP technology for trading vessels.
Marine biocide: Active substance approved for use in antifouling coatings under EU BPR or national equivalents.
Marine grade epoxy: Epoxy coating qualified for immersion and atmospheric marine service.
Marine growth: Biofouling on subsea structures considered in hydrodynamic load assessment and operational inspection.
Marpol Annex I oil tank coating: Coating in cargo and slop tanks of oil tankers, governed by IMO PSPC-COT.
Mast coating: Topcoat applied to radar and signaling masts, normally aliphatic polyurethane.
Mastic epoxy: Surface-tolerant epoxy formulated for application to manually prepared steel.
Medetomidine: Antifouling active substance acting as octopamine receptor agonist on barnacle larvae, used in some Selektope formulations.
Mercaptan: Reactive curing agent class used in fast-cure epoxy primers for low-temperature application.
Mercury thermometer: Older instrument once used for steel temperature measurement, now replaced by digital probes.
Metallizing: Thermal spray of zinc or aluminum on steel to provide long-life corrosion protection.
MIC: Microbially Influenced Corrosion, attacking steel in ballast and cargo tanks where coatings have failed.
MIO: Micaceous Iron Oxide, a lamellar pigment used in epoxy intermediates to enhance barrier performance.
MIO epoxy: Epoxy intermediate coat pigmented with micaceous iron oxide.
Mist coat: Thinly applied first coat over zinc-rich primer used to reduce solvent popping in the subsequent build coat.
Mixing ratio: Volume or weight ratio of base to curing agent specified for two-pack coatings.
MMA copolymer: Methyl methacrylate copolymer used as binder in modern self-polishing antifouling paints.
Moisture meter: Instrument used to measure relative humidity, air, and steel temperatures during application.
Moisture-cured polyurethane: Single-pack polyurethane that cures by reaction with atmospheric moisture, used in some maintenance coatings.

N

NACE: National Association of Corrosion Engineers, now part of the Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP).
NACE No. 1 / SSPC-SP 5: White Metal Blast Cleaning, equivalent to ISO 8501-1 Sa 3.
NACE No. 2 / SSPC-SP 10: Near-White Metal Blast Cleaning, equivalent to ISO 8501-1 Sa 2.5.
NACE No. 3 / SSPC-SP 6: Commercial Blast Cleaning, equivalent to ISO 8501-1 Sa 2.
NACE No. 4 / SSPC-SP 7: Brush-Off Blast Cleaning, equivalent to ISO 8501-1 Sa 1.
NACE/AMPP CIP: Coating Inspector Program offering certifications widely accepted for marine and offshore coatings inspection.
Needle gun: Pneumatic tool with reciprocating needles used for spot mechanical cleaning of welds and corners.
Niche area: Ship area more susceptible to biofouling such as sea chests, bow thrusters, rudder hinges, propeller shafts, and stabilizer fins.
Niche area coating: Robust antifouling or foul-release coating used in propeller tunnels, rudders, and sea chests.
Nippon A-LF-Sea: Premium hydrogel SPC coating from Nippon Paint Marine.
Nippon Aquaterras: Biocide-free water-friendly self-polishing coating from Nippon Paint Marine.
Nippon FASTAR: Nippon Paint Marine self-polishing antifouling product range using nano-domain technology.
Nippon LF-Sea: Hydrogel self-polishing antifouling coating developed by Nippon Paint Marine offering low-friction performance.
Nippon Paint Marine: Marine coatings subsidiary of Nippon Paint Holdings of Japan, manufacturing antifoulings and tank coatings worldwide.
NORSOK M-501: Surface preparation/coating standard.
Novolac epoxy: Phenolic-based epoxy resin offering high chemical and temperature resistance for cargo tank coatings.

O

Offshore coating: Protective coating system for offshore structures, typically thicker and more durable than commercial ship coatings.
Oil tank coating: Coating in cargo tanks of crude oil tankers, governed by IMO PSPC-COT under Resolution MSC.288(87).
Oil-based paint: Alkyd or natural oil paint used for maintenance and decorative work.
Olympic: Hempel SPC antifouling family for long-haul vessels.
One-pack coating: Single-component coating that cures by solvent evaporation or atmospheric moisture, in contrast to two-pack.
Organotin: Family of organic tin compounds including TBT, banned for antifouling use under the AFS Convention.
Orifice tip: Nozzle of an airless spray gun, sized to control fan width and flow rate.
Overcoat interval: Manufacturer-specified time window during which a coating may be overcoated without surface preparation.
Overspray: Paint mist that fails to adhere to the target surface and accumulates as dry dust on adjacent areas.
Owner's representative: Person designated by the owner to liaise with PSC officers and the master.
Oxide-bonded antifouling: Antifouling formulation in which biocide is bonded into a metal oxide network.

P

Paint manufacturer: Producer of marine coating formulations and technical service organization, such as Jotun, Hempel, AkzoNobel International Marine, PPG, CMP, Nippon Paint Marine, KCC, Sigma, Berger, and…
Paint MSDS: Safety Data Sheet describing chemical hazards, handling, and disposal of a coating.
Paint reservoir: On-board paint locker or store, regulated for ventilation and fire safety.
Paint stripper: Chemical formulation for removal of old coatings, increasingly biocide-free and methylene-chloride-free.
Paint system specification: Project document defining surface preparation, products, film thickness, and inspection requirements.
Passivation: Chemical or electrochemical treatment that renders a metal surface less reactive.
Passive coating: Coating relying on physical barrier rather than biocide release.
Patch test: Trial application of a coating to confirm adhesion and behavior before full-scale work.
PCS: Port Community System.
Peel test: Adhesion test performed on coatings by lifting the film from the substrate.
Performance Standard for Protective Coatings: PSPC, SOLAS II-1/3-2, commonly cited in code 02 deficiencies.
Petrolatum tape: Wrap consisting of petroleum-impregnated fabric used as a protective coating for sub-zero hull fittings and pile splash zones.
PFA: Perfluoroalkoxy fluoropolymer used in some specialty linings.
Phenolic epoxy: Cargo tank lining offering excellent solvent and chemical resistance.
Pinhole: Tiny hole in a coating film caused by trapped solvent or air, detected with a low-voltage holiday detector.
Pipe coating: Coating system for underwater and topside pipework, often using high-build epoxies.
Polyamide: Curing agent class used in epoxy primers, providing flexibility and water resistance.
Polyamine: Curing agent class used in tank lining epoxies for chemical resistance.
Polyaspartic: Topcoat chemistry offering rapid cure and long-life UV resistance.
Polyester powder coating: Coating used for above-deck fittings and not for hulls.
Polysiloxane: Hybrid epoxy-siloxane topcoat used in marine and offshore work for color retention and durability.
Polyurethane: Two-pack topcoat using an aliphatic isocyanate hardener for atmospheric color and gloss retention.
Polyurethane topcoat: Finish coat applied to topsides, superstructures, and equipment.
Post-application cleaning: Removal of dust and overspray after coating cure to prepare for in-service operation.
Pot life: Period after mixing during which a two-pack coating remains workable.
Powder coating: Electrostatic application of dry coating, used for accommodation accessories rather than hull.
PPG Protective and Marine Coatings: PPG Industries division offering marine and offshore protective coatings.
PPG Sigma Marine: PPG marine coatings brand integrating the former Sigma Coatings products.
PPG SIGMAGLIDE: Silicone hydrogel based foul release coating.
Pre-erection blasting: Blasting of fabricated steel sections before erection on the building dock.
Pretreatment primer: Reactive primer such as etch primer providing improved adhesion to non-ferrous substrates.
Primer: First coat of a system applied directly to the substrate to provide adhesion and corrosion protection.
Profile depth: Distance between peak and valley of a blasted steel surface, often specified between 50 and 100 micrometers.
Profile tape: Replica tape used to take an impression of the surface profile for measurement.
PSPC: Performance Standard for Protective Coatings adopted by IMO resolution MSC.215(82).
PSPC-COT: IMO Performance Standard for Protective Coatings for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers, Resolution MSC.288(87).
Pull-off adhesion test: Adhesion measurement using a dolly bonded to the coating and pulled perpendicular to the substrate.

Q

Quality assurance plan: Document defining inspection, documentation, and acceptance criteria for coating work.
Quartz aggregate: Mineral aggregate used in deck antiskid systems.
Quaternary ammonium biocide: Class of compounds used in some antifouling formulations, regulated under the EU BPR.

R

Recoat window: Period during which a coating may be recoated without surface treatment, defined by the manufacturer.
Reference electrode: Electrode of known potential, such as silver-silver chloride, used to monitor cathodic protection.
Reflective topcoat: Light-colored coating used on cargo tanks of LPG and other vessels to limit solar heat gain.
Refresher antifouling: Lightly applied antifouling between full drydock cycles to restore biocide release.
Repair coating: Coating applied to damaged areas of an existing system.
Resin: Polymeric binder forming the continuous phase of a paint film.
Rheology modifier: Additive controlling sag and brushability of a coating.
Roller: Application method used for small areas and touch-up; limited to manufacturer-permitted film build.
Rosin-based binder: Soluble matrix used in controlled depletion polymer antifoulings.
Roughness average Ra: Statistical mean of profile heights, used in hull roughness assessment.
Rubber coating: Elastomeric coating used on rudders and specific hull components for abrasion resistance.
Runs and sags: Application defects caused by excessive wet film thickness, dilution, or improper technique.
Rust grade: ISO 8501-1 grading of steel surface condition from A to D before preparation.
Rust prevention: Use of coatings, cathodic protection, and inhibitors to prevent corrosion of steel.

S

Sa 1: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Light Blast Cleaning.
Sa 2: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Thorough Blast Cleaning.
Sa 2.5: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Very Thorough Blast Cleaning, the standard for most marine epoxy primers.
Sa 3: ISO 8501-1 preparation grade Blast Cleaning to Visually Clean Steel.
Sacrificial anode: Zinc/aluminum anode for hull and tank protection.
Sag: Bending where midships drops relative to ends.
Salt contamination: Soluble chloride or sulfate on a substrate that can cause premature coating failure.
Salt spray test: Accelerated corrosion test in a chamber producing continuous neutral salt fog per ISO 9227.
Sand blasting: Generic term for abrasive blasting; the use of crystalline silica is restricted or banned in many jurisdictions.
Sandblasting silica ban: Regulatory prohibition on use of silica sand as blast medium due to silicosis risk.
Scaffold: Temporary structure providing access for blasting, painting, and inspection in drydock or on board.
Schopper test: Older laboratory abrasion test for paints.
Sea Grandprix: Chugoku Marine Paints SPC antifouling product family.
Sea-Nine 211: Trade name for DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), a booster biocide produced by Lanxess.
SeaForce: Jotun SPC antifouling product family.
Sealer coat: Penetrating coating applied to porous or chalked substrates before main coating.
SeaLion: Jotun silicone-based fouling-release coating brand.
SeaQuantum: Jotun hydrolyzing self-polishing copolymer antifouling brand.
Selektope: Trade name for the active substance medetomidine used in antifouling coatings.
Self-polishing copolymer: Antifouling technology in which the binder polymer hydrolyzes at a controlled rate in seawater, exposing fresh biocide.
Sequence of coats: Defined order of primer, intermediate, tie coat, and topcoat application within a coating system.
Shadow area: Region of complex geometry difficult to coat by spray and treated by stripe coating.
Sherwin-Williams Acrolon: Aliphatic polyurethane topcoat family used in marine atmospheric exposure.
Sherwin-Williams Macropoxy: Macropoxy 646 and related two-pack epoxy products applied in marine maintenance.
Sherwin-Williams Protective and Marine: Coatings division of Sherwin-Williams Company supplying marine and offshore protective coatings.
Sherwin-Williams Seaguard: Sherwin-Williams marine coatings product family including ballast tank epoxies and antifoulings.
Sherwin-Williams Seavoyage: Sherwin-Williams self-polishing copolymer antifouling product family.
Shop primer: Quick-drying weldable primer applied to blasted steel plate before construction.
Shore D hardness: Hardness measurement scale used for hard coatings such as cured epoxies.
Side shell coating: Hull coating between flat bottom and topside boot top.
Sigma Coatings: Historical Dutch marine coatings brand acquired by PPG Industries and merged into PPG Protective and Marine Coatings.
Sigma Sailadvance: PPG Sigma Marine antifouling product family.
Sigmacover: PPG Sigma Marine epoxy product family used for anticorrosive primers and intermediates.
Sigmaglide: PPG Sigma Marine silicone fouling-release coating, including SIGMAGLIDE 1290.
Sigmaguard: PPG Sigma Marine tank coating product family for cargo and ballast tanks.
Sigmaplane: PPG Sigma Marine self-polishing antifouling product family.
Sigmaplane Evolution: PPG Sigma Marine SPC antifouling product range.
Sigmaprime: PPG Sigma Marine surface-tolerant epoxy primer.
Sigmashield: PPG Sigma Marine epoxy product family for severe service such as ice belts and rudders.
Silica sand ban: Prohibition on the use of crystalline silica abrasive media in many jurisdictions due to silicosis risk.
Silicone fouling-release: Coating chemistry based on PDMS that releases fouling under hydrodynamic shear without biocide.
Single-pack coating: Coating supplied in a single component, cured by solvent evaporation or atmospheric moisture.
Sintered metal anode: ICCP anode using mixed metal oxide coating on titanium substrate.
Skin and corona ICCP: Common configurations of impressed current cathodic protection.
Slime control: Capability of an antifouling or fouling-release coating to limit accumulation of microbial slime.
Slime layer: Microfouling biofilm of bacteria and diatoms forming within days of immersion.
Soft coating: Coating that remains flexible and may be removed without difficulty, used in some MARPOL tank applications.
Solid epoxy: 100 percent solids epoxy product applied as a thick film.
Solids by volume: Percent of a wet coating that remains after solvent evaporation, used to calculate theoretical spreading rate.
Soluble salt test: Measurement of soluble chloride, sulfate, and nitrate on blasted steel using the Bresle method per ISO 8502-6.
Solvent: Volatile carrier that reduces viscosity for application and evaporates during cure.
Solvent-free epoxy: Epoxy containing no volatile solvent, applied at very high film thickness.
Spray gun: Tool used to atomize and apply paint, classified as airless, air-assisted, or air spray.
Spreading Rate: Velocity at which new crust is formed at a mid-ocean ridge.
SSPC: Society for Protective Coatings, now part of AMPP, originator of the SP series of surface preparation standards.
SSPC-PA 2: Standard for measurement of dry film thickness using magnetic gages.
SSPC-SP 1: Solvent cleaning to remove oil, grease, and dirt.
SSPC-SP 10: Near-white metal blast cleaning, equivalent to ISO 8501-1 Sa 2.5.
SSPC-SP 11: Power tool cleaning to bare metal.
SSPC-SP 12 / NACE 5: Surface preparation and cleaning of steel and other hard materials by high- and ultrahigh-pressure water jetting.
SSPC-SP 16: Brush-off blast cleaning of coated and uncoated galvanized steel.
SSPC-SP 5: White metal blast cleaning, equivalent to ISO 8501-1 Sa 3.
SSPC-SP 6: Commercial blast cleaning.
SSPC-SP 7: Brush-off blast cleaning.
SSPC-VIS 1: Visual standard for abrasive blast cleaned steel.
Stainless steel coating: Specialty system using epoxy with stainless steel pigments for sliding surfaces.
Steel plate primer: Pre-fabrication weldable primer applied to blasted plate.
Steel temperature: Substrate temperature measured to verify dew-point margin before application.
Storage tank coating: Internal lining of fresh water, fuel, or chemical tanks.
Stress crack: Through-film crack caused by mechanical stress or shrinkage.
Stripe coat: Brush- or roller-applied coat on welds and edges added to ensure adequate film thickness at geometric discontinuities.
Stripe coating sequence: PSPC-mandated procedure of two stripe coats before the first spray coat and one stripe coat before the second spray coat.
Submerged zone: Area of a structure permanently immersed in seawater.
Substrate: Surface or substance on which organisms grow or to which they attach.
Superstructure paint: Topside coating system including epoxy intermediate and polyurethane topcoat.
Surface preparation: Mechanical or chemical treatment of a substrate before coating application.
Surface profile: Roughness pattern produced by abrasive blasting and measured by profile gauge or replica tape.
Surface profile comparator: ISO 8503 reference plate compared visually with prepared steel to assign a profile grade.
Surveyor: independent expert appointed to investigate cause and extent of loss.

T

Tank Coating: Epoxy, phenolic epoxy, zinc silicate; restricts compatible cargoes.
Tank inspection: Survey of tank coatings under PSPC, classification, or owner requirements.
Tankguard: Jotun cargo tank lining brand.
Tape test: Adhesion test in which pressure-sensitive tape is applied to a cross-cut coating and pulled off.
Tar epoxy: Older coal-tar-modified epoxy used in tanks before PSPC; now restricted.
TBT: Tributyltin antifouling paint, hazardous in wreck dismantling and disposal.
TBT-free: Antifouling formulation containing no tributyltin or other organotin compounds, required since the AFS Convention came into force in 2008.
TBT-self polishing: Historic SPC antifouling chemistry using tributyltin methacrylate copolymer, prohibited under the AFS Convention.
Test patch: Small area where coating is applied for in-service evaluation of new products.